@@ Sətir 1: / Sətir 1: @@
---[[--------------------------< F O R W A R D   D E C L A R A T I O N S >--------------------------------------
-]]
-local dates, year_date_check, reformat_dates, date_hyphen_to_dash,				-- functions in Module:Citation/CS1/Date_validation
-	date_name_xlate
-local is_set, in_array, substitute, error_comment, set_error, select_one,		-- functions in Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities
-	add_maint_cat, wrap_style, safe_for_italics, is_wikilink, make_wikilink,
-	strip_apostrophe_markup;
-local z ={};																	-- tables in Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities
-local extract_ids, extract_id_access_levels, build_id_list, is_embargoed;		-- functions in Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers
-local make_coins_title, get_coins_pages, COinS;									-- functions in Module:Citation/CS1/COinS
-local cfg = {};																	-- table of configuration tables that are defined in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration
-local whitelist = {};															-- table of tables listing valid template parameter names; defined in Module:Citation/CS1/Whitelist
---[[--------------------------< P A G E   S C O P E   V A R I A B L E S >--------------------------------------
-delare variables here that have page-wide scope that are not brought in from other modules; thatare created here
-and used here
-]]
-local added_deprecated_cat;														-- boolean flag so that the category is added only once
-local added_prop_cats = {};														-- list of property categories that have been added to z.properties_cats
-local added_vanc_errs;															-- boolean flag so we only emit one Vancouver error / category
-local Frame;																	-- holds the module's frame table
---[[--------------------------< F I R S T _ S E T >------------------------------------------------------------
-Locates and returns the first set value in a table of values where the order established in the table,
-left-to-right (or top-to-bottom), is the order in which the values are evaluated.  Returns nil if none are set.
-This version replaces the original 'for _, val in pairs do' and a similar version that used ipairs.  With the pairs
-version the order of evaluation could not be guaranteed.  With the ipairs version, a nil value would terminate
-the for-loop before it reached the actual end of the list.
-]]
-local function first_set (list, count)
-	local i = 1;
-	while i <= count do															-- loop through all items in list
-		if is_set( list[i] ) then
-			return list[i];														-- return the first set list member
-		end
-		i = i + 1;																-- point to next
-	end
-end
---[[--------------------------< A D D _ P R O P _ C A T >--------------------------------------------------------
-Adds a category to z.properties_cats using names from the configuration file with additional text if any.
-foreign_lang_source and foreign_lang_source_2 keys have a language code appended to them so that multiple languages
-may be categorized but multiples of the same language are not categorized.
-added_prop_cats is a table declared in page scope variables above
-]]
-local function add_prop_cat (key, arguments)
-	if not added_prop_cats [key] then
-		added_prop_cats [key] = true;											-- note that we've added this category
-		key = key:gsub ('(foreign_lang_source_?2?)%a%a%a?', '%1');				-- strip lang code from keyname
-		table.insert( z.properties_cats, substitute (cfg.prop_cats [key], arguments));	-- make name then add to table
-	end
-end
---[[--------------------------< A D D _ V A N C _ E R R O R >----------------------------------------------------
-Adds a single Vancouver system error message to the template's output regardless of how many error actually exist.
-To prevent duplication, added_vanc_errs is nil until an error message is emitted.
-added_vanc_errs is a boolean declared in page scope variables above
-]]
-local function add_vanc_error (source)
-	if not added_vanc_errs then
-		added_vanc_errs = true;													-- note that we've added this category
-		table.insert( z.message_tail, { set_error( 'vancouver', {source}, true ) } );
-	end
-end
---[[--------------------------< I S _ S C H E M E >------------------------------------------------------------
-does this thing that purports to be a uri scheme seem to be a valid scheme?  The scheme is checked to see if it
-is in agreement with http://tools.ietf.org/html/std66#section-3.1 which says:
-	Scheme names consist of a sequence of characters beginning with a
-   letter and followed by any combination of letters, digits, plus
-   ("+"), period ("."), or hyphen ("-").
-returns true if it does, else false
-]]
-local function is_scheme (scheme)
-	return scheme and scheme:match ('^%a[%a%d%+%.%-]*:');						-- true if scheme is set and matches the pattern
-end
---[=[-------------------------< I S _ D O M A I N _ N A M E >--------------------------------------------------
-Does this thing that purports to be a domain name seem to be a valid domain name?
-Syntax defined here: http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1034#section-3.5
-BNF defined here: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4234
-Single character names are generally reserved; see https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-dnsind-iana-dns-01#page-15;
-	see also [[Single-letter second-level domain]]
-list of tlds: https://www.iana.org/domains/root/db
-rfc952 (modified by rfc 1123) requires the first and last character of a hostname to be a letter or a digit.  Between
-the first and last characters the name may use letters, digits, and the hyphen.
-Also allowed are IPv4 addresses. IPv6 not supported
-domain is expected to be stripped of any path so that the last character in the last character of the tld.  tld
-is two or more alpha characters.  Any preceding '//' (from splitting a url with a scheme) will be stripped
-here.  Perhaps not necessary but retained incase it is necessary for IPv4 dot decimal.
-There are several tests:
-	the first character of the whole domain name including subdomains must be a letter or a digit
-	internationalized domain name (ascii characters with .xn-- ASCII Compatible Encoding (ACE) prefix xn-- in the tld) see https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3490
-	single-letter/digit second-level domains in the .org, .cash, and .today TLDs
-	q, x, and z SL domains in the .com TLD
-	i and q SL domains in the .net TLD
-	single-letter SL domains in the ccTLDs (where the ccTLD is two letters)
-	two-character SL domains in gTLDs (where the gTLD is two or more letters)
-	three-plus-character SL domains in gTLDs (where the gTLD is two or more letters)
-	IPv4 dot-decimal address format; TLD not allowed
-returns true if domain appears to be a proper name and tld or IPv4 address, else false
-]=]
-local function is_domain_name (domain)
-	if not domain then
-		return false;															-- if not set, abandon
-	end
-	domain = domain:gsub ('^//', '');											-- strip '//' from domain name if present; done here so we only have to do it once
-	if not domain:match ('^[%w]') then											-- first character must be letter or digit
-		return false;
-	end
-	if domain:match ('^%a+:') then												-- hack to detect things that look like s:Page:Title where Page: is namespace at wikisource
-		return false;
-	end
-	local patterns = {															-- patterns that look like urls
-		'%f[%w][%w][%w%-]+[%w]%.%a%a+$',										-- three or more character hostname.hostname or hostname.tld
-		'%f[%w][%w][%w%-]+[%w]%.xn%-%-[%w]+$',									-- internationalized domain name with ACE prefix
-		'%f[%a][qxz]%.com$',													-- assigned one character .com hostname (x.com times out 2015-12-10)
-		'%f[%a][iq]%.net$',														-- assigned one character .net hostname (q.net registered but not active 2015-12-10)
-		'%f[%w][%w]%.%a%a$',													-- one character hostname and cctld (2 chars)
-		'%f[%w][%w][%w]%.%a%a+$',												-- two character hostname and tld
-		'^%d%d?%d?%.%d%d?%d?%.%d%d?%d?%.%d%d?%d?',								-- IPv4 address
-		}
-	for _, pattern in ipairs (patterns) do										-- loop through the patterns list
-		if domain:match (pattern) then
-			return true;														-- if a match then we think that this thing that purports to be a url is a url
-		end
-	end
-	for _, d in ipairs ({'cash', 'company', 'today', 'org'}) do					-- look for single letter second level domain names for these top level domains
-		if domain:match ('%f[%w][%w]%.' .. d) then
-			return true
-		end
-	end
-	return false;																-- no matches, we don't know what this thing is
-end
---[[--------------------------< I S _ U R L >------------------------------------------------------------------
-returns true if the scheme and domain parts of a url appear to be a valid url; else false.
-This function is the last step in the validation process.  This function is separate because there are cases that
-are not covered by split_url(), for example is_parameter_ext_wikilink() which is looking for bracketted external
-wikilinks.
-]]
-local function is_url (scheme, domain)
-	if is_set (scheme) then														-- if scheme is set check it and domain
-		return is_scheme (scheme) and is_domain_name (domain);
-	else
-		return is_domain_name (domain);											-- scheme not set when url is protocol relative
-	end
-end
---[[--------------------------< S P L I T _ U R L >------------------------------------------------------------
-Split a url into a scheme, authority indicator, and domain.
-First remove Fully Qualified Domain Name terminator (a dot following tld) (if any) and any path(/), query(?) or fragment(#).
-If protocol relative url, return nil scheme and domain else return nil for both scheme and domain.
-When not protocol relative, get scheme, authority indicator, and domain.  If there is an authority indicator (one
-or more '/' characters immediately following the scheme's colon), make sure that there are only 2.
-Strip off any port and path;
-]]
-local function split_url (url_str)
-	local scheme, authority, domain;
-	url_str = url_str:gsub ('([%a%d])%.?[/%?#].*$', '%1');						-- strip FQDN terminator and path(/), query(?), fragment (#) (the capture prevents false replacement of '//')
-	if url_str:match ('^//%S*') then											-- if there is what appears to be a protocol relative url
-		domain = url_str:match ('^//(%S*)')
-	elseif url_str:match ('%S-:/*%S+') then										-- if there is what appears to be a scheme, optional authority indicator, and domain name
-		scheme, authority, domain = url_str:match ('(%S-:)(/*)(%S+)');			-- extract the scheme, authority indicator, and domain portions
-		authority = authority:gsub ('//', '', 1);								-- replace place 1 pair of '/' with nothing;
-		if is_set(authority) then												-- if anything left (1 or 3+ '/' where authority should be) then
-			return scheme;														-- return scheme only making domain nil which will cause an error message
-		end
-		domain = domain:gsub ('(%a):%d+', '%1');								-- strip port number if present
-	end
-	return scheme, domain;
-end
---[[--------------------------< L I N K _ P A R A M _ O K >---------------------------------------------------
-checks the content of |title-link=, |series-link=, |author-link= etc for properly formatted content: no wikilinks, no urls
-Link parameters are to hold the title of a wikipedia article so none of the WP:TITLESPECIALCHARACTERS are allowed:
-	# < > [ ] | { } _
-except the underscore which is used as a space in wiki urls and # which is used for section links
-returns false when the value contains any of these characters.
-When there are no illegal characters, this function returns TRUE if value DOES NOT appear to be a valid url (the
-|<param>-link= parameter is ok); else false when value appears to be a valid url (the |<param>-link= parameter is NOT ok).
-]]
-local function link_param_ok (value)
-	local scheme, domain;
-	if value:find ('[<>%[%]|{}]') then											-- if any prohibited characters
-		return false;
-	end
-	scheme, domain = split_url (value);											-- get scheme or nil and domain or nil from url;
-	return not is_url (scheme, domain);											-- return true if value DOES NOT appear to be a valid url
-end
---[[--------------------------< L I N K _ T I T L E _ O K >---------------------------------------------------
-Use link_param_ok() to validate |<param>-link= value and its matching |<title>= value.
-|<title>= may be wikilinked but not when |<param>-link= has a value.  This function emits an error message when
-that condition exists
-]]
-local function link_title_ok (link, lorig, title, torig)
-local orig;
-	if is_set (link) then 														-- don't bother if <param>-link doesn't have a value
-		if not link_param_ok (link) then										-- check |<param>-link= markup
-			orig = lorig;														-- identify the failing link parameter
-		elseif title:find ('%[%[') then											-- check |title= for wikilink markup
-			orig = torig;														-- identify the failing |title= parameter
-		end
-	end
-	if is_set (orig) then
-		table.insert( z.message_tail, { set_error( 'bad_paramlink', orig)});	-- url or wikilink in |title= with |title-link=;
-	end
-end
---[[--------------------------< C H E C K _ U R L >------------------------------------------------------------
-Determines whether a URL string appears to be valid.
-First we test for space characters.  If any are found, return false.  Then split the url into scheme and domain
-portions, or for protocol relative (//example.com) urls, just the domain.  Use is_url() to validate the two
-portions of the url.  If both are valid, or for protocol relative if domain is valid, return true, else false.
-Because it is different from a standard url, and because this module used external_link() to make external links
-that work for standard and news: links, we validate newsgroup names here.  The specification for a newsgroup name
-is at https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5536#section-3.1.4
-]]
-local function check_url( url_str )
-	if nil == url_str:match ("^%S+$") then										-- if there are any spaces in |url=value it can't be a proper url
-		return false;
-	end
-	local scheme, domain;
-	scheme, domain = split_url (url_str);										-- get scheme or nil and domain or nil from url;
-	if 'news:' == scheme then													-- special case for newsgroups
-		return domain:match('^[%a%d%+%-_]+%.[%a%d%+%-_%.]*[%a%d%+%-_]$');
-	end
-	return is_url (scheme, domain);												-- return true if value appears to be a valid url
-end
---[=[-------------------------< I S _ P A R A M E T E R _ E X T _ W I K I L I N K >----------------------------
-Return true if a parameter value has a string that begins and ends with square brackets [ and ] and the first
-non-space characters following the opening bracket appear to be a url.  The test will also find external wikilinks
-that use protocol relative urls. Also finds bare urls.
-The frontier pattern prevents a match on interwiki links which are similar to scheme:path urls.  The tests that
-find bracketed urls are required because the parameters that call this test (currently |title=, |chapter=, |work=,
-and |publisher=) may have wikilinks and there are articles or redirects like '//Hus' so, while uncommon, |title=[[//Hus]]
-is possible as might be [[en://Hus]].
-]=]
-local function is_parameter_ext_wikilink (value)
-local scheme, domain;
-	if value:match ('%f[%[]%[%a%S*:%S+.*%]') then								-- if ext wikilink with scheme and domain: [xxxx://yyyyy.zzz]
-		scheme, domain = split_url (value:match ('%f[%[]%[(%a%S*:%S+).*%]'));
-	elseif value:match ('%f[%[]%[//%S+.*%]') then								-- if protocol relative ext wikilink: [//yyyyy.zzz]
-		scheme, domain = split_url (value:match ('%f[%[]%[(//%S+).*%]'));
-	elseif value:match ('%a%S*:%S+') then										-- if bare url with scheme; may have leading or trailing plain text
-		scheme, domain = split_url (value:match ('(%a%S*:%S+)'));
-	elseif value:match ('//%S+') then											-- if protocol relative bare url: //yyyyy.zzz; may have leading or trailing plain text
-		scheme, domain = split_url (value:match ('(//%S+)'));					-- what is left should be the domain
-	else
-		return false;															-- didn't find anything that is obviously a url
-	end
-	return is_url (scheme, domain);												-- return true if value appears to be a valid url
-end
---[[-------------------------< C H E C K _ F O R _ U R L >-----------------------------------------------------
-loop through a list of parameters and their values.  Look at the value and if it has an external link, emit an error message.
-]]
-local function check_for_url (parameter_list)
-local error_message = '';
-	for k, v in pairs (parameter_list) do										-- for each parameter in the list
-		if is_parameter_ext_wikilink (v) then									-- look at the value; if there is a url add an error message
-			if is_set(error_message) then										-- once we've added the first portion of the error message ...
-				error_message=error_message .. ", ";							-- ... add a comma space separator
-			end
-			error_message=error_message .. "&#124;" .. k .. "=";				-- add the failed parameter
-		end
-	end
-end
---[[--------------------------< S A F E _ F O R _ U R L >------------------------------------------------------
-Escape sequences for content that will be used for URL descriptions
-]]
-local function safe_for_url( str )
-	if str:match( "%[%[.-%]%]" ) ~= nil then
-	end
-	return str:gsub( '[%[%]\n]', {
-		['['] = '&#91;',
-		[']'] = '&#93;',
-		['\n'] = ' ' } );
-end
---[[--------------------------< E X T E R N A L _ L I N K >----------------------------------------------------
-Format an external link with error checking
-]]
-local function external_link( URL, label, source, access)
-	local error_str = "";
-	local domain;
-	local path;
-	local base_url;
-	if not is_set( label ) then
-		label = URL;
-		if is_set( source ) then
-			error_str = set_error( 'bare_url_missing_title', { wrap_style ('parameter', source) }, false, " " );
-		else
-			error( cfg.messages["bare_url_no_origin"] );
-		end
-	end
-	if not check_url( URL ) then
-		error_str = set_error( 'bad_url', {wrap_style ('parameter', source)}, false, " " ) .. error_str;
-	end
-	domain, path = URL:match ('^([/%.%-%+:%a%d]+)([/%?#].*)$');					-- split the url into scheme plus domain and path
-	if path then																-- if there is a path portion
-		path = path:gsub ('[%[%]]', {['[']='%5b',[']']='%5d'});					-- replace '[' and ']' with their percent encoded values
-		URL = table.concat ({domain, path});									-- and reassemble
-	end
-	base_url = table.concat({ "[", URL, " ", safe_for_url (label), "]" });		-- assemble a wikimarkup url
-	if is_set (access) then														-- access level (subscription, registration, limited)
-		base_url = substitute (cfg.presentation['ext-link-access-signal'], {cfg.presentation[access].class, cfg.presentation[access].title, base_url});	-- add the appropriate icon
-	end
-	return table.concat ({base_url, error_str});
-end
---[[--------------------------< D E P R E C A T E D _ P A R A M E T E R >--------------------------------------
-Categorize and emit an error message when the citation contains one or more deprecated parameters.  The function includes the
-offending parameter name to the error message.  Only one error message is emitted regardless of the number of deprecated
-parameters in the citation.
-added_deprecated_cat is a boolean declared in page scope variables above
-]]
-local function deprecated_parameter(name)
-	if not added_deprecated_cat then
-		added_deprecated_cat = true;											-- note that we've added this category
-	end
-end
---[=[-------------------------< K E R N _ Q U O T E S >--------------------------------------------------------
-Apply kerning to open the space between the quote mark provided by the Module and a leading or trailing quote
-mark contained in a |title= or |chapter= parameter's value.
-This function will positive kern either single or double quotes:
-	"'Unkerned title with leading and trailing single quote marks'"
-	" 'Kerned title with leading and trailing single quote marks' " (in real life the kerning isn't as wide as this example)
-Double single quotes (italic or bold wikimarkup) are not kerned.
-Replaces unicode quotemarks in plain text or in the label portion of a [[L|D]] style wikilink with typewriter
-quote marks regardless of the need for kerning.  Unicode quote marks are not replaced in simple [[D]] wikilinks.
-Call this function for chapter titles, for website titles, etc; not for book titles.
-]=]
-local function kern_quotes (str)
-	local cap='';
-	local cap2='';
-	local wl_type, label, link;
-	wl_type, label, link = is_wikilink (str);									-- wl_type is: 0, no wl (text in label variable); 1, [[D]]; 2, [[L|D]]
-	if 1 == wl_type then														-- [[D]] simple wikilink with or without quote marks
-		if mw.ustring.match (str, '%[%[[\"“”\'‘’].+[\"“”\'‘’]%]%]') then		-- leading and trailing quote marks
-			str = substitute (cfg.presentation['kern-wl-both'], str);
-		elseif mw.ustring.match (str, '%[%[[\"“”\'‘’].+%]%]')	then			-- leading quote marks
-			str = substitute (cfg.presentation['kern-wl-left'], str);
-		elseif mw.ustring.match (str, '%[%[.+[\"“”\'‘’]%]%]') then				-- trailing quote marks
-			str = substitute (cfg.presentation['kern-wl-right'], str);
-		end
-	else																		-- plain text or [[L|D]]; text in label variable
-		label= mw.ustring.gsub (label, '[“”]', '\"');							-- replace “” (U+201C & U+201D) with " (typewriter double quote mark)
-		label= mw.ustring.gsub (label, '[‘’]', '\'');							-- replace ‘’ (U+2018 & U+2019) with ' (typewriter single quote mark)
-		cap, cap2 = mw.ustring.match (label, "^([\"\'])([^\'].+)");				-- match leading double or single quote but not doubled single quotes (italic markup)
-		if is_set (cap) then
-			label = substitute (cfg.presentation['kern-left'], {cap, cap2});
-		end
-		cap, cap2 = mw.ustring.match (label, "^(.+[^\'])([\"\'])$")				-- match trailing double or single quote but not doubled single quotes (italic markup)
-		if is_set (cap) then
-			label = substitute (cfg.presentation['kern-right'], {cap, cap2});
-		end
-		if 2 == wl_type then
-			str = make_wikilink (link, label);									-- reassemble the wikilink
-		else
-			str = label;
-		end
-	end
-	return str;
-end
---[[--------------------------< F O R M A T _ S C R I P T _ V A L U E >----------------------------------------
-|script-title= holds title parameters that are not written in Latin based scripts: Chinese, Japanese, Arabic, Hebrew, etc. These scripts should
-not be italicized and may be written right-to-left.  The value supplied by |script-title= is concatenated onto Title after Title has been wrapped
-in italic markup.
-Regardless of language, all values provided by |script-title= are wrapped in <bdi>...</bdi> tags to isolate rtl languages from the English left to right.
-|script-title= provides a unique feature.  The value in |script-title= may be prefixed with a two-character ISO639-1 language code and a colon:
-	|script-title=ja:*** *** (where * represents a Japanese character)
-Spaces between the two-character code and the colon and the colon and the first script character are allowed:
-	|script-title=ja : *** ***
-	|script-title=ja: *** ***
-	|script-title=ja :*** ***
-Spaces preceding the prefix are allowed: |script-title = ja:*** ***
-The prefix is checked for validity.  If it is a valid ISO639-1 language code, the lang attribute (lang="ja") is added to the <bdi> tag so that browsers can
-know the language the tag contains.  This may help the browser render the script more correctly.  If the prefix is invalid, the lang attribute
-is not added.  At this time there is no error message for this condition.
-Supports |script-title=, |script-chapter=, |script-<periodical>=
-]]
-local function format_script_value (script_value, script_param)
-	local lang='';																-- initialize to empty string
-	local name;
-	if script_value:match('^%l%l%s*:') then										-- if first 3 non-space characters are script language prefix
-		lang = script_value:match('^(%l%l)%s*:%s*%S.*');						-- get the language prefix or nil if there is no script
-		if not is_set (lang) then
-			table.insert( z.message_tail, { set_error( 'script_parameter', {script_param, 'missing title part'}, true ) } );		-- prefix without 'title'; add error message
-			return '';															-- script_value was just the prefix so return empty string
-		end
-																				-- if we get this far we have prefix and script
-		name = cfg.lang_code_remap[lang] or mw.language.fetchLanguageName( lang, "en" );	-- get language name so that we can use it to categorize
-		if is_set (name) then													-- is prefix a proper ISO 639-1 language code?
-			script_value = script_value:gsub ('^%l%l%s*:%s*', '');				-- strip prefix from script
-																				-- is prefix one of these language codes?
-			lang = ' lang="' .. lang .. '" ';									-- convert prefix into a lang attribute
-		else
-			table.insert( z.message_tail, { set_error( 'script_parameter', {script_param, 'invalid language code'}, true ) } );		-- invalid language code; add error message
-			lang = '';															-- invalid so set lang to empty string
-		end
-	else
-		table.insert( z.message_tail, { set_error( 'script_parameter', {script_param, 'missing prefix'}, true ) } );				-- no language code prefix; add error message
-	end
-	script_value = substitute (cfg.presentation['bdi'], {lang, script_value});	-- isolate in case script is rtl
-	return script_value;
-end
---[[--------------------------< S C R I P T _ C O N C A T E N A T E >------------------------------------------
-Initially for |title= and |script-title=, this function concatenates those two parameter values after the script value has been
-wrapped in <bdi> tags.
-]]
-local function script_concatenate (title, script, script_param)
-	if is_set (script) then
-		script = format_script_value (script, script_param);					-- <bdi> tags, lang atribute, categorization, etc; returns empty string on error
-		if is_set (script) then
-			title = title .. ' ' .. script;										-- concatenate title and script title
-		end
-	end
-	return title;
-end
---[[--------------------------< W R A P _ M S G >--------------------------------------------------------------
-Applies additional message text to various parameter values. Supplied string is wrapped using a message_list
-configuration taking one argument.  Supports lower case text for {{citation}} templates.  Additional text taken
-from citation_config.messages - the reason this function is similar to but separate from wrap_style().
-]]
-local function wrap_msg (key, str, lower)
-	if not is_set( str ) then
-		return "";
-	end
-	if true == lower then
-		local msg;
-		msg = cfg.messages[key]:lower();										-- set the message to lower case before
-		return substitute( msg, str );											-- including template text
-	else
-		return substitute( cfg.messages[key], str );
-	end
-end
---[[--------------------------< W I K I S O U R C E _ U R L _ M A K E >----------------------------------------
-makes a wikisource url from wikisource interwiki link.  returns the url and appropriate label; nil else.
-str is the value assigned to |chapter= (or aliases) or |title= or |title-link=
-]]
-local function wikisource_url_make (str)
-	local wl_type, D, L;
-	local ws_url, ws_label;
-	wl_type, D, L = is_wikilink (str);											-- wl_type is 0 (not a wikilink), 1 (simple wikilink), 2 (complex wikilink)
-	if 0 == wl_type then														-- not a wikilink; might be from |title-link=
-		str = D:match ('^[Ww]ikisource:(.+)') or D:match ('^[Ss]:(.+)');		-- article title from interwiki link with long-form or short-form namespace
-		if is_set (str) then
-			ws_url = table.concat ({											-- build a wikisource url
-				'https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/',								-- prefix
-				str,															-- article title
-				});
-			ws_label = str;														-- label for the url
-		end
-	elseif 1 == wl_type then														-- simple wikilink: [[Wikisource:ws article]]
-		str = D:match ('^[Ww]ikisource:(.+)') or D:match ('^[Ss]:(.+)');		-- article title from interwiki link with long-form or short-form namespace
-		if is_set (str) then
-			ws_url = table.concat ({											-- build a wikisource url
-				'https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/',								-- prefix
-				str,															-- article title
-				});
-			ws_label = str;														-- label for the url
-		end
-	elseif 2 == wl_type then													-- non-so-simple wikilink: [[Wikisource:ws article|displayed text]] ([[L|D]])
-		str = L:match ('^[Ww]ikisource:(.+)') or L:match ('^[Ss]:(.+)');		-- article title from interwiki link with long-form or short-form namespace
-		if is_set (str) then
-			ws_label = D;														-- get ws article name from display portion of interwiki link
-			ws_url = table.concat ({											-- build a wikisource url
-				'https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/',								-- prefix
-				str,															-- article title without namespace from link portion of wikilink
-				});
-		end
-	end
-	if ws_url then
-		ws_url = mw.uri.encode (ws_url, 'WIKI');								-- make a usable url
-		ws_url = ws_url:gsub ('%%23', '#');										-- undo percent encoding of anchor
-	end
-	return ws_url, ws_label, L or D;											-- return proper url or nil and a label or nil
-end
---[[--------------------------< F O R M A T _ P E R I O D I C A L >--------------------------------------------
-Format the four periodical parameters: |script-<periodical>=, |<periodical>=, and |trans-<periodical>= into a single Periodical meta-
-parameter.
-]]
-local function format_periodical (script_periodical, script_periodical_source, periodical, trans_periodical)
-	local periodical_error = '';
-	if not is_set (periodical) then
-		periodical = '';														-- to be safe for concatenation
-	else
-		periodical = wrap_style ('italic-title', periodical);					-- style
-	end
-	periodical = script_concatenate (periodical, script_periodical, script_periodical_source);	-- <bdi> tags, lang atribute, categorization, etc; must be done after title is wrapped
-	if is_set (trans_periodical) then
-		trans_periodical = wrap_style ('trans-italic-title', trans_periodical);
-		if is_set (periodical) then
-			periodical = periodical ..  ' ' .. trans_periodical;
-		else																	-- here when transchapter without chapter or script-chapter
-			periodical = trans_periodical;
-			periodical_error = ' ' .. set_error ('trans_missing_title', {'periodical'});
-		end
-	end
-	return periodical .. periodical_error;
-end
---[[--------------------------< F O R M A T _ C H A P T E R _ T I T L E >--------------------------------------
-Format the four chapter parameters: |script-chapter=, |chapter=, |trans-chapter=, and |chapter-url= into a single Chapter meta-
-parameter (chapter_url_source used for error messages).
-]]
-local function format_chapter_title (scriptchapter, script_chapter_source, chapter, transchapter, chapterurl, chapter_url_source, no_quotes, access)
-	local chapter_error = '';
-	local ws_url, ws_label, L = wikisource_url_make (chapter);					-- make a wikisource url and label from a wikisource interwiki link
-	if ws_url then
-		ws_label = ws_label:gsub ('_', '');										-- replace underscore separaters with space characters
-		chapter = ws_label;
-	end
-	if not is_set (chapter) then
-		chapter = '';															-- to be safe for concatenation
-	else
-		if false == no_quotes then
-			chapter = kern_quotes (chapter);									-- if necessary, separate chapter title's leading and trailing quote marks from Module provided quote marks
-			chapter = wrap_style ('quoted-title', chapter);
-		end
-	end
-	chapter = script_concatenate (chapter, scriptchapter, script_chapter_source);	-- <bdi> tags, lang atribute, categorization, etc; must be done after title is wrapped
-	if is_set (chapterurl) then
-		chapter = external_link (chapterurl, chapter, chapter_url_source, access);	-- adds bare_url_missing_title error if appropriate
-	elseif ws_url then
-		chapter = external_link (ws_url, chapter .. '&nbsp;', 'ws link in chapter');	-- adds bare_url_missing_title error if appropriate; space char to move icon away from chap text; TODO: better way to do this?
-		chapter = substitute (cfg.presentation['interwiki-icon'], {cfg.presentation['class-wikisource'], L, chapter});
-	end
-	if is_set (transchapter) then
-		transchapter = wrap_style ('trans-quoted-title', transchapter);
-		if is_set (chapter) then
-			chapter = chapter ..  ' ' .. transchapter;
-		else																	-- here when transchapter without chapter or script-chapter
-			chapter = transchapter;
-			chapter_error = ' ' .. set_error ('trans_missing_title', {'chapter'});
-		end
-	end
---	if is_set (chapterurl) then
---		chapter = external_link (chapterurl, chapter, chapter_url_source, access);	-- adds bare_url_missing_title error if appropriate
---	end
-	return chapter .. chapter_error;
-end
---[[--------------------------< H A S _ I N V I S I B L E _ C H A R S >----------------------------------------
-This function searches a parameter's value for nonprintable or invisible characters.  The search stops at the
-first match.
-This function will detect the visible replacement character when it is part of the wikisource.
-Detects but ignores nowiki and math stripmarkers.  Also detects other named stripmarkers (gallery, math, pre, ref)
-and identifies them with a slightly different error message.  See also coins_cleanup().
-Output of this function is an error message that identifies the character or the Unicode group, or the stripmarker
-that was detected along with its position (or, for multi-byte characters, the position of its first byte) in the
-parameter value.
-]]
-local function has_invisible_chars (param, v)
-	local position = '';														-- position of invisible char or starting position of stripmarker
-	local dummy;																-- end of matching string; not used but required to hold end position when a capture is returned
-	local capture;																-- used by stripmarker detection to hold name of the stripmarker
-	local i=1;
-	local stripmarker, apostrophe;
-	capture = string.match (v, '[%w%p ]*');										-- Test for values that are simple ASCII text and bypass other tests if true
-	if capture == v then														-- if same there are no unicode characters
-		return;
-	end
-	while cfg.invisible_chars[i] do
-		local char=cfg.invisible_chars[i][1]									-- the character or group name
-		local pattern=cfg.invisible_chars[i][2]									-- the pattern used to find it
-		position, dummy, capture = mw.ustring.find (v, pattern)					-- see if the parameter value contains characters that match the pattern
-		if position and (char == 'zero width joiner') then						-- if we found a zero width joiner character
-			if mw.ustring.find (v, cfg.indic_script) then						-- its ok if one of the indic scripts
-				position = nil;													-- unset position
-			end
-		end
-		if position then
-			if 'nowiki' == capture or 'math' == capture or						-- nowiki and math stripmarkers (not an error condition)
-				('templatestyles' == capture and in_array (param, {'id', 'quote'})) then	-- templatestyles stripmarker allowed in these parameters
-					stripmarker = true;											-- set a flag
-			elseif true == stripmarker and 'delete' == char then				-- because stripmakers begin and end with the delete char, assume that we've found one end of a stripmarker
-				position = nil;													-- unset
-			else
-				local err_msg;
-				if capture then
-					err_msg = capture .. ' ' .. char;
-				else
-					err_msg = char .. ' ' .. 'character';
-				end
-				table.insert( z.message_tail, { set_error( 'invisible_char', {err_msg, wrap_style ('parameter', param), position}, true ) } );	-- add error message
-				return;															-- and done with this parameter
-			end
-		end
-		i=i+1;																	-- bump our index
-	end
-end
---[[--------------------------< A R G U M E N T _ W R A P P E R >----------------------------------------------
-Argument wrapper.  This function provides support for argument mapping defined in the configuration file so that
-multiple names can be transparently aliased to single internal variable.
-]]
-local function argument_wrapper( args )
-	local origin = {};
-	return setmetatable({
-		ORIGIN = function( self, k )
-			local dummy = self[k]; --force the variable to be loaded.
-			return origin[k];
-		end
-	},
-	{
-		__index = function ( tbl, k )
-			if origin[k] ~= nil then
-				return nil;
-			end
-			local args, list, v = args, cfg.aliases[k];
-			if type( list ) == 'table' then
-				v, origin[k] = select_one( args, list, 'redundant_parameters' );
-				if origin[k] == nil then
-					origin[k] = ''; -- Empty string, not nil
-				end
-			elseif list ~= nil then
-				v, origin[k] = args[list], list;
-			else
-				-- maybe let through instead of raising an error?
-				-- v, origin[k] = args[k], k;
-				error( cfg.messages['unknown_argument_map'] .. ': ' .. k);
-			end
-			-- Empty strings, not nil;
-			if v == nil then
-				v = cfg.defaults[k] or '';
-				origin[k] = '';
-			end
-			tbl = rawset( tbl, k, v );
-			return v;
-		end,
-	});
-end
---[[--------------------------< N O W R A P _ D A T E >--------------------------------------------------------
-When date is YYYY-MM-DD format wrap in nowrap span: <span ...>YYYY-MM-DD</span>.  When date is DD MMMM YYYY or is
-MMMM DD, YYYY then wrap in nowrap span: <span ...>DD MMMM</span> YYYY or <span ...>MMMM DD,</span> YYYY
-DOES NOT yet support MMMM YYYY or any of the date ranges.
-]]
-local function nowrap_date (date)
-	local cap='';
-	local cap2='';
-	if date:match("^%d%d%d%d%-%d%d%-%d%d$") then
-		date = substitute (cfg.presentation['nowrap1'], date);
-	elseif date:match("^%a+%s*%d%d?,%s+%d%d%d%d$") or date:match ("^%d%d?%s*%a+%s+%d%d%d%d$") then
-		cap, cap2 = string.match (date, "^(.*)%s+(%d%d%d%d)$");
-		date = substitute (cfg.presentation['nowrap2'], {cap, cap2});
-	end
-	return date;
-end
---[[--------------------------< S E T _ T I T L E T Y P E >----------------------------------------------------
-This function sets default title types (equivalent to the citation including |type=<default value>) for those templates that have defaults.
-Also handles the special case where it is desirable to omit the title type from the rendered citation (|type=none).
-]]
-local function set_titletype (cite_class, title_type)
-	if is_set(title_type) then
-		if "none" == title_type then
-			title_type = "";													-- if |type=none then type parameter not displayed
-		end
-		return title_type;														-- if |type= has been set to any other value use that value
-	end
-	return cfg.title_types [cite_class] or '';									-- set template's default title type; else empty string for concatenation
-end
---[[--------------------------< H Y P H E N _ T O _ D A S H >--------------------------------------------------
-Converts a hyphen to a dash under certain conditions.  The hyphen must separate like items; unlike items are
-returned unmodified.  These forms are modified:
-	letter - letter (A - B)
-	digit - digit (4-5)
-	digit separator digit - digit separator digit (4.1-4.5 or 4-1-4-5)
-	letterdigit - letterdigit (A1-A5) (an optional separator between letter and digit is supported – a.1-a.5 or a-1-a-5)
-	digitletter - digitletter (5a - 5d) (an optional separator between letter and digit is supported – 5.a-5.d or 5-a-5-d)
-any other forms are returned unmodified.
-str may be a comma- or semicolon-separated list
-]]
-local function hyphen_to_dash( str )
-	if not is_set (str) then
-		return str;
-	end
-	str, count = str:gsub ('^%(%((.+)%)%)$', '%1');								-- remove accept-this-as-written markup when it wraps all of str
-	if 0 ~= count then															-- non-zero when markup removed; zero else
-		return str;																-- nothing to do, we're done
-	end
-	str = str:gsub ('&[nm]dash;', {['&ndash;'] = '–', ['&mdash;'] = '—'});		-- replace &mdash; and &ndash; entities  with their characters; semicolon mucks up the text.split
-	local out = {};
-	local list = mw.text.split (str, '%s*[,;]%s*');								-- split str at comma or semicolon separators if there are any
-	for _, item in ipairs (list) do												-- for each item in the list
-		if mw.ustring.match (item, '^%w*[%.%-]?%w+%s*[%-–—]%s*%w*[%.%-]?%w+$') then	-- if a hyphenated range or has endash or emdash separators
-			if item:match ('%a+[%.%-]?%d+%s*%-%s*%a+[%.%-]?%d+') or				-- letterdigit hyphen letterdigit (optional separator between letter and digit)
-				item:match ('%d+[%.%-]?%a+%s*%-%s*%d+[%.%-]?%a+') or			-- digitletter hyphen digitletter (optional separator between digit and letter)
-				item:match ('%d+[%.%-]%d+%s*%-%s*%d+[%.%-]%d+') or				-- digit separator digit hyphen digit separator digit
-				item:match ('%d+%s*%-%s*%d+') or								-- digit hyphen digit
-				item:match ('%a+%s*%-%s*%a+') then								-- letter hyphen letter
-					item = item:gsub ('(%w*[%.%-]?%w+)%s*%-%s*(%w*[%.%-]?%w+)', '%1–%2');	-- replace hyphen, remove extraneous space characters
-			else
-				item = mw.ustring.gsub (item, '%s*[–—]%s*', '–');				-- for endash or emdash separated ranges, replace em with en, remove extraneous white space
-			end
-		end
-		item = item:gsub ('^%(%((.+)%)%)$', '%1');								-- remove the accept-this-as-written markup
-		table.insert (out, item);												-- add the (possibly modified) item to the output table
-	end
-	return table.concat (out, ', ');											-- concatenate the output table into a comma separated string
-end
---[[--------------------------< S A F E _ J O I N >------------------------------------------------------------
-Joins a sequence of strings together while checking for duplicate separation characters.
-]]
-local function safe_join( tbl, duplicate_char )
-	local f = {};																-- create a function table appropriate to type of 'dupicate character'
-		if 1 == #duplicate_char then											-- for single byte ascii characters use the string library functions
-			f.gsub=string.gsub
-			f.match=string.match
-			f.sub=string.sub
-		else																	-- for multi-byte characters use the ustring library functions
-			f.gsub=mw.ustring.gsub
-			f.match=mw.ustring.match
-			f.sub=mw.ustring.sub
-		end
-	local str = '';																-- the output string
-	local comp = '';															-- what does 'comp' mean?
-	local end_chr = '';
-	local trim;
-	for _, value in ipairs( tbl ) do
-		if value == nil then value = ''; end
-		if str == '' then														-- if output string is empty
-			str = value;														-- assign value to it (first time through the loop)
-		elseif value ~= '' then
-			if value:sub(1,1) == '<' then										-- Special case of values enclosed in spans and other markup.
-				comp = value:gsub( "%b<>", "" );								-- remove html markup (<span>string</span> -> string)
-			else
-				comp = value;
-			end
-																				-- typically duplicate_char is sepc
-			if f.sub(comp, 1,1) == duplicate_char then							-- is first character same as duplicate_char? why test first character?
-																				--   Because individual string segments often (always?) begin with terminal punct for the
-																				--   preceding segment: 'First element' .. 'sepc next element' .. etc?
-				trim = false;
-				end_chr = f.sub(str, -1,-1);									-- get the last character of the output string
-				-- str = str .. "<HERE(enchr=" .. end_chr.. ")"					-- debug stuff?
-				if end_chr == duplicate_char then								-- if same as separator
-					str = f.sub(str, 1,-2);										-- remove it
-				elseif end_chr == "'" then										-- if it might be wikimarkup
-					if f.sub(str, -3,-1) == duplicate_char .. "''" then			-- if last three chars of str are sepc''
-						str = f.sub(str, 1, -4) .. "''";						-- remove them and add back ''
-					elseif  f.sub(str, -5,-1) == duplicate_char .. "]]''" then	-- if last five chars of str are sepc]]''
-						trim = true;											-- why? why do this and next differently from previous?
-					elseif f.sub(str, -4,-1) == duplicate_char .. "]''" then	-- if last four chars of str are sepc]''
-						trim = true;											-- same question
-					end
-				elseif end_chr == "]" then										-- if it might be wikimarkup
-					if f.sub(str, -3,-1) == duplicate_char .. "]]" then			-- if last three chars of str are sepc]] wikilink
-						trim = true;
-					elseif f.sub(str, -3,-1) == duplicate_char .. '"]' then		-- if last three chars of str are sepc"] quoted external link
-						trim = true;
-					elseif  f.sub(str, -2,-1) == duplicate_char .. "]" then		-- if last two chars of str are sepc] external link
-						trim = true;
-					elseif f.sub(str, -4,-1) == duplicate_char .. "'']" then	-- normal case when |url=something & |title=Title.
-						trim = true;
-					end
-				elseif end_chr == " " then										-- if last char of output string is a space
-					if f.sub(str, -2,-1) == duplicate_char .. " " then			-- if last two chars of str are <sepc><space>
-						str = f.sub(str, 1,-3);									-- remove them both
-					end
-				end
-				if trim then
-					if value ~= comp then 										-- value does not equal comp when value contains html markup
-						local dup2 = duplicate_char;
-						if f.match(dup2, "%A" ) then dup2 = "%" .. dup2; end	-- if duplicate_char not a letter then escape it
-						value = f.gsub(value, "(%b<>)" .. dup2, "%1", 1 )		-- remove duplicate_char if it follows html markup
-					else
-						value = f.sub(value, 2, -1 );							-- remove duplicate_char when it is first character
-					end
-				end
-			end
-			str = str .. value;													--add it to the output string
-		end
-	end
-	return str;
-end
---[[--------------------------< I S _ S U F F I X >------------------------------------------------------------
-returns true is suffix is properly formed Jr, Sr, or ordinal in the range 2–9.  Puncutation not allowed.
-]]
-local function is_suffix (suffix)
-	if in_array (suffix, {'Jr', 'Sr', '2nd', '3rd'}) or suffix:match ('^%dth$') then
-		return true;
-	end
-	return false;
-end
---[[--------------------------< I S _ G O O D _ V A N C _ N A M E >--------------------------------------------
-For Vancouver Style, author/editor names are supposed to be rendered in Latin (read ASCII) characters.  When a name
-uses characters that contain diacritical marks, those characters are to converted to the corresponding Latin character.
-When a name is written using a non-Latin alphabet or logogram, that name is to be transliterated into Latin characters.
-These things are not currently possible in this module so are left to the editor to do.
-This test allows |first= and |last= names to contain any of the letters defined in the four Unicode Latin character sets
-	[http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0000.pdf C0 Controls and Basic Latin] 0041–005A, 0061–007A
-	[http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0080.pdf C1 Controls and Latin-1 Supplement] 00C0–00D6, 00D8–00F6, 00F8–00FF
-	[http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0100.pdf Latin Extended-A] 0100–017F
-	[http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0180.pdf Latin Extended-B] 0180–01BF, 01C4–024F
-|lastn= also allowed to contain hyphens, spaces, and apostrophes. (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK7271/box/A35029/)
-|firstn= also allowed to contain hyphens, spaces, apostrophes, and periods
-This original test:
-	if nil == mw.ustring.find (last, "^[A-Za-zÀ-ÖØ-öø-ƿǄ-ɏ%-%s%']*$") or nil == mw.ustring.find (first, "^[A-Za-zÀ-ÖØ-öø-ƿǄ-ɏ%-%s%'%.]+[2-6%a]*$") then
-was written ouside of the code editor and pasted here because the code editor gets confused between character insertion point and cursor position.
-The test has been rewritten to use decimal character escape sequence for the individual bytes of the unicode characters so that it is not necessary
-to use an external editor to maintain this code.
-	\195\128-\195\150 – À-Ö (U+00C0–U+00D6 – C0 controls)
-	\195\152-\195\182 – Ø-ö (U+00D8-U+00F6 – C0 controls)
-	\195\184-\198\191 – ø-ƿ (U+00F8-U+01BF – C0 controls, Latin extended A & B)
-	\199\132-\201\143 – Ǆ-ɏ (U+01C4-U+024F – Latin extended B)
-]]
-local function is_good_vanc_name (last, first)
-	local first, suffix = first:match ('(.-),?%s*([%dJS][%drndth]+)%.?$') or first;	-- if first has something that looks like a generational suffix, get it
-	if is_set (suffix) then
-		if not is_suffix (suffix) then
-			add_vanc_error ('suffix');
-			return false;														-- not a name with an appropriate suffix
-		end
-	end
-	if nil == mw.ustring.find (last, "^[A-Za-z\195\128-\195\150\195\152-\195\182\195\184-\198\191\199\132-\201\143%-%s%']*$") or
-		nil == mw.ustring.find (first, "^[A-Za-z\195\128-\195\150\195\152-\195\182\195\184-\198\191\199\132-\201\143%-%s%'%.]*$") then
-			add_vanc_error ('non-Latin character');
-			return false;														-- not a string of latin characters; Vancouver requires Romanization
-	end;
-	return true;
-end
---[[--------------------------< R E D U C E _ T O _ I N I T I A L S >------------------------------------------
-Attempts to convert names to initials in support of |name-list-format=vanc.
-Names in |firstn= may be separated by spaces or hyphens, or for initials, a period. See http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK7271/box/A35062/.
-Vancouver style requires family rank designations (Jr, II, III, etc) to be rendered as Jr, 2nd, 3rd, etc.  See http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK7271/box/A35085/.
-This code only accepts and understands generational suffix in the Vancouver format because Roman numerals look like, and can be mistaken for, initials.
-This function uses ustring functions because firstname initials may be any of the unicode Latin characters accepted by is_good_vanc_name ().
-]]
-local function reduce_to_initials(first)
-	local name, suffix = mw.ustring.match(first, "^(%u+) ([%dJS][%drndth]+)$");
-	if not name then															-- if not initials and a suffix
-		name = mw.ustring.match(first, "^(%u+)$");								-- is it just intials?
-	end
-	if name then																-- if first is initials with or without suffix
-		if 3 > mw.ustring.len (name) then										-- if one or two initials
-			if suffix then														-- if there is a suffix
-				if is_suffix (suffix) then										-- is it legitimate?
-					return first;												-- one or two initials and a valid suffix so nothing to do
-				else
-					add_vanc_error ('suffix');									-- one or two initials with invalid suffix so error message
-					return first;												-- and return first unmolested
-				end
-			else
-				return first;													-- one or two initials without suffix; nothing to do
-			end
-		end
-	end																			-- if here then name has 3 or more uppercase letters so treat them as a word
-	local initials, names = {}, {};												-- tables to hold name parts and initials
-	local i = 1;																-- counter for number of initials
-	names = mw.text.split (first, '[%s,]+');									-- split into a table of names and possible suffix
-	while names[i] do															-- loop through the table
-		if 1 < i and names[i]:match ('[%dJS][%drndth]+%.?$') then				-- if not the first name, and looks like a suffix (may have trailing dot)
-			names[i] = names[i]:gsub ('%.', '');								-- remove terminal dot if present
-			if is_suffix (names[i]) then										-- if a legitimate suffix
-				table.insert (initials, ' ' .. names[i]);						-- add a separator space, insert at end of initials table
-				break;															-- and done because suffix must fall at the end of a name
-			end																	-- no error message if not a suffix; possibly because of Romanization
-		end
-		if 3 > i then
-			table.insert (initials, mw.ustring.sub(names[i],1,1));				-- insert the intial at end of initials table
-		end
-		i = i+1;																-- bump the counter
-	end
-	return table.concat(initials)												-- Vancouver format does not include spaces.
-end
---[[--------------------------< L I S T  _ P E O P L E >-------------------------------------------------------
-Formats a list of people (e.g. authors / editors)
-]]
-local function list_people(control, people, etal)
-	local sep;
-	local namesep;
-	local format = control.format
-	local maximum = control.maximum
-	local lastauthoramp = control.lastauthoramp;
-	local text = {}
-	if 'vanc' == format then													-- Vancouver-like author/editor name styling?
-		sep = cfg.presentation['sep_nl_vanc'];									-- name-list separator between authors is a comma
-		namesep = cfg.presentation['sep_name_vanc'];							-- last/first separator is a space
-	else
-		sep = cfg.presentation['sep_nl'];										-- name-list separator between authors is a semicolon
-		namesep = cfg.presentation['sep_name'];									-- last/first separator is <comma><space>
-	end
-	if sep:sub(-1,-1) ~= " " then sep = sep .. " " end
-	if is_set (maximum) and maximum < 1 then return "", 0; end					-- returned 0 is for EditorCount; not used for authors
-	for i,person in ipairs(people) do
-		if is_set(person.last) then
-			local mask = person.mask
-			local one
-			local sep_one = sep;
-			if is_set (maximum) and i > maximum then
-				etal = true;
-				break;
-			elseif (mask ~= nil) then
-				local n = tonumber(mask)
-				if (n ~= nil) then
-					one = string.rep("&mdash;",n)
-				else
-					one = mask;
-					sep_one = " ";
-				end
-			else
-				one = person.last
-				local first = person.first
-				if is_set(first) then
-					if ( "vanc" == format ) then								-- if vancouver format
-						one = one:gsub ('%.', '');								-- remove periods from surnames (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK7271/box/A35029/)
-						if not person.corporate and is_good_vanc_name (one, first) then		-- and name is all Latin characters; corporate authors not tested
-							first = reduce_to_initials(first)					-- attempt to convert first name(s) to initials
-						end
-					end
-					one = one .. namesep .. first;
-				end
-				if is_set(person.link) and person.link ~= control.page_name then
-					one = make_wikilink (person.link, one);						-- link author/editor if this page is not the author's/editor's page
-				end
-			end
-			table.insert( text, one )
-			table.insert( text, sep_one )
-		end
-	end
-	local count = #text / 2;													-- (number of names + number of separators) divided by 2
-	if count > 0 then
-		if count > 1 and is_set(lastauthoramp) and not etal then
-			text[#text-2] = ", ";												-- replace last separator with ampersand text
-		end
-		text[#text] = nil;														-- erase the last separator
-	end
-	local result = table.concat(text)											-- construct list
-	if etal and is_set (result) then											-- etal may be set by |display-authors=etal but we might not have a last-first list
-		result = result .. sep .. ' ' .. cfg.messages['et al'];					-- we've go a last-first list and etal so add et al.
-	end
-	return result, count
-end
---[[--------------------------< A N C H O R _ I D >------------------------------------------------------------
-Generates a CITEREF anchor ID if we have at least one name or a date.  Otherwise returns an empty string.
-namelist is one of the contributor-, author-, or editor-name lists chosen in that order.  year is Year or anchor_year.
-]]
-local function anchor_id (namelist, year)
-	local names={};																-- a table for the one to four names and year
-	for i,v in ipairs (namelist) do												-- loop through the list and take up to the first four last names
-		names[i] = v.last
-		if i == 4 then break end												-- if four then done
-	end
-	table.insert (names, year);													-- add the year at the end
-	local id = table.concat(names);												-- concatenate names and year for CITEREF id
-	if is_set (id) then															-- if concatenation is not an empty string
-		return "CITEREF" .. id;													-- add the CITEREF portion
-	else
-		return '';																-- return an empty string; no reason to include CITEREF id in this citation
-	end
-end
---[[--------------------------< N A M E _ H A S _ E T A L >----------------------------------------------------
-Evaluates the content of name parameters (author, editor, etc) for variations on the theme of et al.  If found,
-the et al. is removed, a flag is set to true and the function returns the modified name and the flag.
-This function never sets the flag to false but returns it's previous state because it may have been set by
-previous passes through this function or by the associated |display-<names>=etal parameter
-]]
-local function name_has_etal (name, etal, nocat, param)
-	if is_set (name) then														-- name can be nil in which case just return
-		local patterns = cfg.et_al_patterns;									--get patterns from configuration
-		for _, pattern in ipairs (patterns) do									-- loop through all of the patterns
-			if name:match (pattern) then										-- if this 'et al' pattern is found in name
-				name = name:gsub (pattern, '');									-- remove the offending text
-				etal = true;													-- set flag (may have been set previously here or by |display-<names>=etal)
-				if not nocat then												-- no categorization for |vauthors=
-					table.insert( z.message_tail, {set_error ('etal', {param})});	-- and set an error if not added
-				end
-			end
-		end
-	end
-	return name, etal;															--
-end
---[[--------------------------< N A M E _ H A S _ E D _ M A R K U P >------------------------------------------
-Evaluates the content of author and editor parameters for extranious editor annotations: ed, ed., eds, (Ed.), etc.
-These annotation do not belong in author parameters and are redundant in editor parameters.  If found, the function
-adds the editor markup maintenance category.
-]]
-local function name_has_ed_markup (name, list_name)
-	local _, pattern;
-	local patterns = cfg.editor_markup_patterns;								-- get patterns from configuration
-	if is_set (name) then
-		for _, pattern in ipairs (patterns) do									-- spin through patterns table and
-			if name:match (pattern) then
-				add_maint_cat ('extra_text_names', cfg.special_case_translation [list_name]);	-- add a maint cat for this template
-				break;
-			end
-		end
-	end
-	return name;																-- and done
-end
---[[--------------------------< N A M E _ H A S _ M U L T _ N A M E S >----------------------------------------
-Evaluates the content of author and editor (surnames only) parameters for multiple names.  Multiple names are
-indicated if there is more than one comma and or semicolon.  If found, the function adds the multiple name
-(author or editor) maintenance category.
-]]
-local function name_has_mult_names (name, list_name)
-local count, _;
-	if is_set (name) then
-		_, count = name:gsub ('[;,]', '');										-- count the number of separator-like characters
-	end
-	return name;																-- and done
-end
---[[--------------------------< N A M E _ C H E C K S >--------------------------------------------------------
-This function calls various name checking functions used to validate the content of the various name-holding
-parameters.
-]]
-local function name_checks (last, first, list_name)
-	if is_set (last) then
-		if last:match ('^%(%(.*%)%)$') then										-- if wrapped in doubled parentheses, accept as written
-			last = last:match ('^%(%((.*)%)%)$');								-- strip parens
-		else
-			last = name_has_mult_names (last, list_name);						-- check for multiple names in the parameter (last only)
-			last = name_has_ed_markup (last, list_name);						-- check for extraneous 'editor' annotation
-		end
-	end
-	if is_set (first) then
-		if first:match ('^%(%(.*%)%)$') then									-- if wrapped in doubled parentheses, accept as written
-			first = first:match ('^%(%((.*)%)%)$');								-- strip parens
-		else
-			first = name_has_ed_markup (first, list_name);						-- check for extraneous 'editor' annotation
-		end
-	end
-	return last, first;															-- done
-	end
---[[--------------------------< E X T R A C T _ N A M E S >----------------------------------------------------
-Gets name list from the input arguments
-Searches through args in sequential order to find |lastn= and |firstn= parameters (or their aliases), and their matching link and mask parameters.
-Stops searching when both |lastn= and |firstn= are not found in args after two sequential attempts: found |last1=, |last2=, and |last3= but doesn't
-find |last4= and |last5= then the search is done.
-This function emits an error message when there is a |firstn= without a matching |lastn=.  When there are 'holes' in the list of last names, |last1= and |last3=
-are present but |last2= is missing, an error message is emitted. |lastn= is not required to have a matching |firstn=.
-When an author or editor parameter contains some form of 'et al.', the 'et al.' is stripped from the parameter and a flag (etal) returned
-that will cause list_people() to add the static 'et al.' text from Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration.  This keeps 'et al.' out of the
-template's metadata.  When this occurs, the page is added to a maintenance category.
-]]
-local function extract_names(args, list_name)
-	local names = {};			-- table of names
-	local last;					-- individual name components
-	local first;
-	local link;
-	local mask;
-	local i = 1;				-- loop counter/indexer
-	local n = 1;				-- output table indexer
-	local count = 0;			-- used to count the number of times we haven't found a |last= (or alias for authors, |editor-last or alias for editors)
-	local etal=false;			-- return value set to true when we find some form of et al. in an author parameter
-	local last_alias, first_alias;												-- selected parameter aliases used in error messaging
-	while true do
-		last, last_alias = select_one( args, cfg.aliases[list_name .. '-Last'], 'redundant_parameters', i );		-- search through args for name components beginning at 1
-		first, first_alias = select_one( args, cfg.aliases[list_name .. '-First'], 'redundant_parameters', i );
-		link = select_one( args, cfg.aliases[list_name .. '-Link'], 'redundant_parameters', i );
-		mask = select_one( args, cfg.aliases[list_name .. '-Mask'], 'redundant_parameters', i );
-		last, etal = name_has_etal (last, etal, false, last_alias);				-- find and remove variations on et al.
-		first, etal = name_has_etal (first, etal, false, first_alias);			-- find and remove variations on et al.
-		last, first= name_checks (last, first, list_name);						-- multiple names, extraneous annotation, etc checks
-		if first and not last then												-- if there is a firstn without a matching lastn
-			table.insert( z.message_tail, { set_error( 'first_missing_last', {first_alias, first_alias:gsub('first', 'last')}, true ) } );	-- add this error message
-		elseif not first and not last then										-- if both firstn and lastn aren't found, are we done?
-			count = count + 1;													-- number of times we haven't found last and first
-			if 2 <= count then													-- two missing names and we give up
-				break;															-- normal exit or there is a two-name hole in the list; can't tell which
-			end
-		else																	-- we have last with or without a first
-			link_title_ok (link, list_name:match ("(%w+)List"):lower() .. '-link' .. i, last, list_name:match ("(%w+)List"):lower() .. '-last' .. i);	-- check for improper wikimarkup
-			names[n] = {last = last, first = first, link = link, mask = mask, corporate=false};	-- add this name to our names list (corporate for |vauthors= only)
-			n = n + 1;															-- point to next location in the names table
-			if 1 == count then													-- if the previous name was missing
-				table.insert( z.message_tail, { set_error( 'missing_name', {list_name:match ("(%w+)List"):lower(), i-1}, true ) } );	-- add this error message
-			end
-			count = 0;															-- reset the counter, we're looking for two consecutive missing names
-		end
-		i = i + 1;																-- point to next args location
-	end
-	return names, etal;															-- all done, return our list of names
-end
---[[--------------------------< G E T _ I S O 6 3 9 _ C O D E >------------------------------------------------
-Validates language names provided in |language= parameter if not an ISO639-1 or 639-2 code.
-Returns the language name and associated two- or three-character code.  Because case of the source may be incorrect
-or different from the case that WikiMedia uses, the name comparisons are done in lower case and when a match is
-found, the Wikimedia version (assumed to be correct) is returned along with the code.  When there is no match, we
-return the original language name string.
-mw.language.fetchLanguageNames(<local wiki language>, 'all') returns a list of languages that in some cases may include
-extensions. For example, code 'cbk-zam' and its associated name 'Chavacano de Zamboanga' (MediaWiki does not support
-code 'cbk' or name 'Chavacano'.  Most (all?) of these languages are not used a 'language' codes per se, rather they
-are used as sub-domain names: cbk-zam.wikipedia.org.  A list of language names and codes supported by fetchLanguageNames()
-can be found at Template:Citation Style documentation/language/doc
-Names that are included in the list will be found if that name is provided in the |language= parameter.  For example,
-if |language=Chavacano de Zamboanga, that name will be found with the associated code 'cbk-zam'.  When names are found
-and the associated code is not two or three characters, this function returns only the WikiMedia language name.
-Some language names have multiple entries under different codes:
-	Aromanian has code rup and code roa-rup
-When this occurs, this function returns the language name and the 2- or 3-character code
-Adapted from code taken from Module:Check ISO 639-1.
-]]
-local function get_iso639_code (lang, this_wiki_code)
-	if cfg.lang_name_remap[lang:lower()] then									-- if there is a remapped name (because MediaWiki uses something that we don't think is correct)
-		return cfg.lang_name_remap[lang:lower()][1], cfg.lang_name_remap[lang:lower()][2];	-- for this language 'name', return a possibly new name and appropriate code
-	end
-	local ietf_code;															-- because some languages have both ietf-like codes and iso 639-like codes
-	local ietf_name;
-	local languages = mw.language.fetchLanguageNames(this_wiki_code, 'all')		-- get a list of language names known to Wikimedia
-																				-- ('all' is required for North Ndebele, South Ndebele, and Ojibwa)
-	local langlc = mw.ustring.lower(lang);										-- lower case version for comparisons
-	for code, name in pairs(languages) do										-- scan the list to see if we can find our language
-		if langlc == mw.ustring.lower(name) then
-			if 2 == code:len() or 3 == code:len() then							-- two- or three-character codes only; extensions not supported
-				return name, code;												-- so return the name and the code
-			end
-			ietf_code = code;													-- remember that we found an ietf-like code and save its name
-			ietf_name = name;													-- but keep looking for a 2- or 3-char code
-		end
-	end
-																				-- didn't find name with 2- or 3-char code; if ietf-like code found return
-	return ietf_code and ietf_name or lang;										-- associated name; return original language text else
-end
---[[--------------------------< L A N G U A G E _ P A R A M E T E R >------------------------------------------
-Gets language name from a provided two- or three-character ISO 639 code.  If a code is recognized by MediaWiki,
-use the returned name; if not, then use the value that was provided with the language parameter.
-When |language= contains a recognized language (either code or name), the page is assigned to the category for
-that code: Category:Norwegian-language sources (no).  For valid three-character code languages, the page is assigned
-to the single category for '639-2' codes: Category:CS1 ISO 639-2 language sources.
-Languages that are the same as the local wiki are not categorized.  MediaWiki does not recognize three-character
-equivalents of two-character codes: code 'ar' is recognized bit code 'ara' is not.
-This function supports multiple languages in the form |language=nb, French, th where the language names or codes are
-separated from each other by commas.
-]]
-local function language_parameter (lang)
-	local code;																	-- the two- or three-character language code
-	local name;																	-- the language name
-	local language_list = {};													-- table of language names to be rendered
-	local names_table = {};														-- table made from the value assigned to |language=
-	local this_wiki = mw.getContentLanguage();									-- get a language object for this wiki
-	local this_wiki_code = this_wiki:getCode()									-- get this wiki's language code
-	local this_wiki_name = mw.language.fetchLanguageName(this_wiki_code, this_wiki_code);	-- get this wiki's language name
-	names_table = mw.text.split (lang, '%s*,%s*');								-- names should be a comma separated list
-	for _, lang in ipairs (names_table) do										-- reuse lang
-		name = cfg.lang_code_remap[lang:lower()];								-- first see if this is a code that is not supported by MediaWiki but is in remap
-		if name then															-- there was a remapped code so
-			lang = lang:gsub ('^(%a%a%a?)%-.*', '%1');							-- strip ietf tags from code
-		else
-			if lang:match ('^%a%a%-') then										-- strip ietf tags from code; TODO: is there a need to support 3-char with tag?
-				lang = lang:match ('(%a%a)%-')									-- keep only 639-1 code portion to lang; TODO: do something with 3166 alpha 2 country code?
-			end
-			if 2 == lang:len() or 3 == lang:len() then							-- if two-or three-character code
-				name = mw.language.fetchLanguageName (lang:lower(), this_wiki_code);	-- get language name if |language= is a proper code
-			end
-		end
-		if is_set (name) then													-- if |language= specified a valid code
-			code = lang:lower();												-- save it
-		else
-			name, code = get_iso639_code (lang, this_wiki_code);				-- attempt to get code from name (assign name here so that we are sure of proper capitalization)
-		end
-		if is_set (code) then													-- only 2- or 3-character codes
-			name = cfg.lang_code_remap[code] or name;							-- override wikimedia when they misuse language codes/names									-- add maint category if not already added
-		end
-		table.insert (language_list, name);
-		name = '';																-- so we can reuse it
-	end
-	code = #language_list														-- reuse code as number of languages in the list
-	if 2 >= code then
-		name = table.concat (language_list, cfg.messages['parameter-pair-separator'])		-- insert '<space>and<space>' between two language names
-	elseif 2 < code then
-		name = table.concat (language_list, ', ');											-- and concatenate with '<comma><space>' separators
-		name = name:gsub (', ([^,]+)$', cfg.messages['parameter-final-separator'] .. '%1');	-- replace last '<comma><space>' separator with '<comma><space>and<space>' separator
-	end
-	if this_wiki_name == name then
-		return '';																-- if one language and that language is this wiki's return an empty string (no annotation)
-	end
-	return (" " .. wrap_msg ('language', name));								-- otherwise wrap with '(in ...)'
-	--[[ TODO: should only return blank or name rather than full list
-	so we can clean up the bunched parenthetical elements Language, Type, Format
-	]]
-end
---[[--------------------------< S E T _ C S 1 _ S T Y L E >----------------------------------------------------
-Set style settings for CS1 citation templates. Returns separator and postscript settings
-At en.wiki, for cs1:
-	ps gets:	'.'
-	sep gets:	'.'
-]]
-local function set_cs1_style (ps)
-	if not is_set (ps) then														-- unless explicitely set to something
-		ps = cfg.presentation['ps_cs1'];										-- terminate the rendered citation
-	end
-	return cfg.presentation['sep_cs1'], ps;										-- element separator
-end
---[[--------------------------< S E T _ C S 2 _ S T Y L E >----------------------------------------------------
-Set style settings for CS2 citation templates. Returns separator, postscript, ref settings
-At en.wiki, for cs2:
-	ps gets:	'' (empty string - no terminal punctuation)
-	sep gets:	','
-]]
-local function set_cs2_style (ps, ref)
-	if not is_set (ps) then														-- if |postscript= has not been set, set cs2 default
-		ps = cfg.presentation['ps_cs2'];										-- terminate the rendered citation
-	end
-	if not is_set (ref) then													-- if |ref= is not set
-		ref = "harv";															-- set default |ref=harv
-	end
-	return cfg.presentation['sep_cs2'], ps, ref;								-- element separator
-end
---[[--------------------------< G E T _ S E T T I N G S _ F R O M _ C I T E _ C L A S S >----------------------
-When |mode= is not set or when its value is invalid, use config.CitationClass and parameter values to establish
-rendered style.
-]]
-local function get_settings_from_cite_class (ps, ref, cite_class)
-	local sep;
-	if (cite_class == "citation") then											-- for citation templates (CS2)
-		sep, ps, ref = set_cs2_style (ps, ref);
-	else																		-- not a citation template so CS1
-		sep, ps = set_cs1_style (ps);
-	end
-	return sep, ps, ref															-- return them all
-end
---[[--------------------------< S E T _ S T Y L E >------------------------------------------------------------
-Establish basic style settings to be used when rendering the citation.  Uses |mode= if set and valid or uses
-config.CitationClass from the template's #invoke: to establish style.
-]]
-local function set_style (mode, ps, ref, cite_class)
-	local sep;
-	if 'cs2' == mode then														-- if this template is to be rendered in CS2 (citation) style
-		sep, ps, ref = set_cs2_style (ps, ref);
-	elseif 'cs1' == mode then													-- if this template is to be rendered in CS1 (cite xxx) style
-		sep, ps = set_cs1_style (ps);
-	else																		-- anything but cs1 or cs2
-		sep, ps, ref = get_settings_from_cite_class (ps, ref, cite_class);		-- get settings based on the template's CitationClass
-	end
-	if 'none' == ps:lower() then												-- if assigned value is 'none' then
-		ps = '';																-- set to empty string
-	end
-	return sep, ps, ref
-end
---[=[-------------------------< I S _ P D F >------------------------------------------------------------------
-Determines if a url has the file extension that is one of the pdf file extensions used by [[MediaWiki:Common.css]] when
-applying the pdf icon to external links.
-returns true if file extension is one of the recognized extensions, else false
-]=]
-local function is_pdf (url)
-	return url:match ('%.pdf$') or url:match ('%.PDF$') or
-		url:match ('%.pdf[%?#]') or url:match ('%.PDF[%?#]') or
-		url:match ('%.PDF&#035') or url:match ('%.pdf&#035');
-end
---[[--------------------------< S T Y L E _ F O R M A T >------------------------------------------------------
-Applies css style to |format=, |chapter-format=, etc.  Also emits an error message if the format parameter does
-not have a matching url parameter.  If the format parameter is not set and the url contains a file extension that
-is recognized as a pdf document by MediaWiki's commons.css, this code will set the format parameter to (PDF) with
-the appropriate styling.
-]]
-local function style_format (format, url, fmt_param, url_param)
-	if is_set (format) then
-		format = wrap_style ('format', format);									-- add leading space, parentheses, resize
-		if not is_set (url) then
-			format = format .. set_error( 'format_missing_url', {fmt_param, url_param} );	-- add an error message
-		end
-	elseif is_pdf (url) then													-- format is not set so if url is a pdf file then
-		format = wrap_style ('format', 'PDF');									-- set format to pdf
-	else
-		format = '';															-- empty string for concatenation
-	end
-	return format;
-end
---[[--------------------------< G E T _ D I S P L A Y _ N A M E S >--------------------------------------------
-Returns a number that defines the number of names displayed for author and editor name lists and a boolean flag
-to indicate when et al. should be appended to the name list.
-When the value assigned to |display-xxxxors= is a number greater than or equal to zero, return the number and
-the previous state of the 'etal' flag (false by default but may have been set to true if the name list contains
-some variant of the text 'et al.').
-When the value assigned to |display-xxxxors= is the keyword 'etal', return a number that is one greater than the
-number of authors in the list and set the 'etal' flag true.  This will cause the list_people() to display all of
-the names in the name list followed by 'et al.'
-In all other cases, returns nil and the previous state of the 'etal' flag.
-inputs:
-	max: A['DisplayAuthors'] or A['DisplayEditors']; a number or some flavor of etal
-	count: #a or #e
-	list_name: 'authors' or 'editors'
-	etal: author_etal or editor_etal
-]]
-local function get_display_names (max, count, list_name, etal)
-	if is_set (max) then
-		if 'etal' == max:lower():gsub("[ '%.]", '') then						-- the :gsub() portion makes 'etal' from a variety of 'et al.' spellings and stylings
-			max = count + 1;													-- number of authors + 1 so display all author name plus et al.
-			etal = true;														-- overrides value set by extract_names()
-		elseif max:match ('^%d+$') then											-- if is a string of numbers
-			max = tonumber (max);												-- make it a number
-		else																	-- not a valid keyword or number
-			table.insert( z.message_tail, { set_error( 'invalid_param_val', {'display-' .. list_name, max}, true ) } );		-- add error message
-			max = nil;															-- unset; as if |display-xxxxors= had not been set
-		end
-	end
-	return max, etal;
-end
---[[--------------------------< E X T R A _ T E X T _ I N _ P A G E _ C H E C K >------------------------------
-Adds page to Category:CS1 maint: extra text if |page= or |pages= has what appears to be some form of p. or pp.
-abbreviation in the first characters of the parameter content.
-check Page and Pages for extraneous p, p., pp, and pp. at start of parameter value:
-	good pattern: '^P[^%.P%l]' matches when |page(s)= begins PX or P# but not Px where x and X are letters and # is a dgiit
-	bad pattern: '^[Pp][Pp]' matches matches when |page(s)= begins pp or pP or Pp or PP
-]]
-local function extra_text_in_page_check (page)
-	local good_pattern = '^P[^%.Pp]';											-- ok to begin with uppercase P: P7 (pg 7 of section P) but not p123 (page 123) TODO: add Gg for PG or Pg?
-	local bad_pattern = '^[Pp]?[Pp]%.?[ %d]';
-end
---[=[-------------------------< G E T _ V _ N A M E _ T A B L E >----------------------------------------------
-split apart a |vauthors= or |veditors= parameter.  This function allows for corporate names, wrapped in doubled
-parentheses to also have commas; in the old version of the code, the doubled parnetheses were included in the
-rendered citation and in the metadata.  Individual author names may be wikilinked
-	|vauthors=Jones AB, [[E. B. White|White EB]], ((Black, Brown, and Co.))
-]=]
-local function get_v_name_table (vparam, output_table, output_link_table)
-	local name_table = mw.text.split(vparam, "%s*,%s*");						-- names are separated by commas
-	local wl_type, label, link;													-- wl_type not used here; just a place holder
-	local i = 1;
-	while name_table[i] do
-		if name_table[i]:match ('^%(%(.*[^%)][^%)]$') then						-- first segment of corporate with one or more commas; this segment has the opening doubled parens
-			local name = name_table[i];
-			i=i+1;																-- bump indexer to next segment
-			while name_table[i] do
-				name = name .. ', ' .. name_table[i];							-- concatenate with previous segments
-				if name_table[i]:match ('^.*%)%)$') then						-- if this table member has the closing doubled parens
-					break;														-- and done reassembling so
-				end
-				i=i+1;															-- bump indexer
-			end
-			table.insert (output_table, name);									-- and add corporate name to the output table
-			table.insert (output_link_table, '');								-- no wikilink
-		else
-			wl_type, label, link = is_wikilink (name_table[i]);					-- wl_type is: 0, no wl (text in label variable); 1, [[D]]; 2, [[L|D]]
-			table.insert (output_table, label);									-- add this name
-			if 1 == wl_type then
-				table.insert (output_link_table, label);						-- simple wikilink [[D]]
-			else
-				table.insert (output_link_table, link);							-- no wikilink or [[L|D]]; add this link if there is one, else empty string
-			end
-		end
-		i = i+1;
-	end
-	return output_table;
-end
---[[--------------------------< P A R S E _ V A U T H O R S _ V E D I T O R S >--------------------------------
-This function extracts author / editor names from |vauthors= or |veditors= and finds matching |xxxxor-maskn= and
-|xxxxor-linkn= in args.  It then returns a table of assembled names just as extract_names() does.
-Author / editor names in |vauthors= or |veditors= must be in Vancouver system style. Corporate or institutional names
-may sometimes be required and because such names will often fail the is_good_vanc_name() and other format compliance
-tests, are wrapped in doubled paranethese ((corporate name)) to suppress the format tests.
-Supports generational suffixes Jr, 2nd, 3rd, 4th–6th.
-This function sets the vancouver error when a reqired comma is missing and when there is a space between an author's initials.
-]]
-local function parse_vauthors_veditors (args, vparam, list_name)
-	local names = {};															-- table of names assembled from |vauthors=, |author-maskn=, |author-linkn=
-	local v_name_table = {};
-	local v_link_table = {};													-- when name is wikilinked, targets go in this table
-	local etal = false;															-- return value set to true when we find some form of et al. vauthors parameter
-	local last, first, link, mask, suffix;
-	local corporate = false;
-	vparam, etal = name_has_etal (vparam, etal, true);							-- find and remove variations on et al. do not categorize (do it here because et al. might have a period)
-	v_name_table = get_v_name_table (vparam, v_name_table, v_link_table);		-- names are separated by commas
-	for i, v_name in ipairs(v_name_table) do
-		if v_name:match ('^%(%(.+%)%)$') then									-- corporate authors are wrapped in doubled parentheses to supress vanc formatting and error detection
-			first = '';															-- set to empty string for concatenation and because it may have been set for previous author/editor
-			last = v_name:match ('^%(%((.+)%)%)$')								-- remove doubled parntheses
-			corporate = true;													-- flag used in list_people()
-		elseif string.find(v_name, "%s") then
-			if v_name:find('[;%.]') then										-- look for commonly occurring punctuation characters;
-				add_vanc_error ('punctuation');
-			end
-			local lastfirstTable = {}
-			lastfirstTable = mw.text.split(v_name, "%s")
-			first = table.remove(lastfirstTable);								-- removes and returns value of last element in table which should be author intials
-			if is_suffix (first) then											-- if a valid suffix
-				suffix = first													-- save it as a suffix and
-				first = table.remove(lastfirstTable);							-- get what should be the initials from the table
-			end																	-- no suffix error message here because letter combination may be result of Romanization; check for digits?
-			last = table.concat(lastfirstTable, " ")							-- returns a string that is the concatenation of all other names that are not initials
-			if mw.ustring.match (last, '%a+%s+%u+%s+%a+') then
-				add_vanc_error ('missing comma');								-- matches last II last; the case when a comma is missing
-			end
-			if mw.ustring.match (v_name, ' %u %u$') then						-- this test is in the wrong place TODO: move or replace with a more appropriate test
-				add_vanc_error ('name');										-- matches a space between two intiials
-			end
-		else
-			first = '';															-- set to empty string for concatenation and because it may have been set for previous author/editor
-			last = v_name;														-- last name or single corporate name?  Doesn't support multiword corporate names? do we need this?
-		end
-		if is_set (first) then
-			if not mw.ustring.match (first, "^%u?%u$") then						-- first shall contain one or two upper-case letters, nothing else
-				add_vanc_error ('initials');									-- too many initials; mixed case initials (which may be ok Romanization); hyphenated initials
-			end
-			is_good_vanc_name (last, first);									-- check first and last before restoring the suffix which may have a non-Latin digit
-			if is_set (suffix) then
-				first = first .. ' ' .. suffix;									-- if there was a suffix concatenate with the initials
-				suffix = '';													-- unset so we don't add this suffix to all subsequent names
-			end
-		else
-			if not corporate then
-				is_good_vanc_name (last, '');
-			end
-		end
-		link = select_one( args, cfg.aliases[list_name .. '-Link'], 'redundant_parameters', i ) or v_link_table[i];
-		mask = select_one( args, cfg.aliases[list_name .. '-Mask'], 'redundant_parameters', i );
-		names[i] = {last = last, first = first, link = link, mask = mask, corporate=corporate};		-- add this assembled name to our names list
-	end
-	return names, etal;															-- all done, return our list of names
-end
---[[--------------------------< S E L E C T _ A U T H O R _ E D I T O R _ S O U R C E >------------------------
-Select one of |authors=, |authorn= / |lastn / firstn=, or |vauthors= as the source of the author name list or
-select one of |editors=, |editorn= / editor-lastn= / |editor-firstn= or |veditors= as the source of the editor name list.
-Only one of these appropriate three will be used.  The hierarchy is: |authorn= (and aliases) highest and |authors= lowest and
-similarly, |editorn= (and aliases) highest and |editors= lowest
-When looking for |authorn= / |editorn= parameters, test |xxxxor1= and |xxxxor2= (and all of their aliases); stops after the second
-test which mimicks the test used in extract_names() when looking for a hole in the author name list.  There may be a better
-way to do this, I just haven't discovered what that way is.
-Emits an error message when more than one xxxxor name source is provided.
-In this function, vxxxxors = vauthors or veditors; xxxxors = authors or editors as appropriate.
-]]
-local function select_author_editor_source (vxxxxors, xxxxors, args, list_name)
-local lastfirst = false;
-	if select_one( args, cfg.aliases[list_name .. '-Last'], 'none', 1 ) or		-- do this twice incase we have a |first1= without a |last1=; this ...
-		select_one( args, cfg.aliases[list_name .. '-First'], 'none', 1 ) or	-- ... also catches the case where |first= is used with |vauthors=
-		select_one( args, cfg.aliases[list_name .. '-Last'], 'none', 2 ) or
-		select_one( args, cfg.aliases[list_name .. '-First'], 'none', 2 ) then
-			lastfirst=true;
-	end
-	if (is_set (vxxxxors) and true == lastfirst) or								-- these are the three error conditions
-		(is_set (vxxxxors) and is_set (xxxxors)) or
-		(true == lastfirst and is_set (xxxxors)) then
-			local err_name;
-			if 'AuthorList' == list_name then									-- figure out which name should be used in error message
-				err_name = 'author';
-			else
-				err_name = 'editor';
-			end
-			table.insert( z.message_tail, { set_error( 'redundant_parameters',
-				{err_name .. '-name-list parameters'}, true ) } );				-- add error message
-	end
-	if true == lastfirst then return 1 end;										-- return a number indicating which author name source to use
-	if is_set (vxxxxors) then return 2 end;
-	if is_set (xxxxors) then return 3 end;
-	return 1;																	-- no authors so return 1; this allows missing author name test to run in case there is a first without last
-end
---[[--------------------------< I S _ V A L I D _ P A R A M E T E R _ V A L U E >------------------------------
-This function is used to validate a parameter's assigned value for those parameters that have only a limited number
-of allowable values (yes, y, true, no, etc).  When the parameter value has not been assigned a value (missing or empty
-in the source template) the function returns true.  If the parameter value is one of the list of allowed values returns
-true; else, emits an error message and returns false.
-]]
-local function is_valid_parameter_value (value, name, possible)
-	if not is_set (value) then
-		return true;															-- an empty parameter is ok
-	elseif in_array (value, possible) then
-		return true;
-	else
-		table.insert( z.message_tail, { set_error( 'invalid_param_val', {name, value}, true ) } );	-- not an allowed value so add error message
-		return false
-	end
-end
---[[--------------------------< T E R M I N A T E _ N A M E _ L I S T >----------------------------------------
-This function terminates a name list (author, contributor, editor) with a separator character (sepc) and a space
-when the last character is not a sepc character or when the last three characters are not sepc followed by two
-closing square brackets (close of a wikilink).  When either of these is true, the name_list is terminated with a
-single space character.
-]]
-local function terminate_name_list (name_list, sepc)
-	if (string.sub (name_list,-3,-1) == sepc .. '. ') then						-- if already properly terminated
-		return name_list;														-- just return the name list
-	elseif (string.sub (name_list,-1,-1) == sepc) or (string.sub (name_list,-3,-1) == sepc .. ']]') then	-- if last name in list ends with sepc char
-		return name_list .. " ";												-- don't add another
-	else
-		return name_list .. sepc .. ' ';										-- otherwise terninate the name list
-	end
-end
---[[-------------------------< F O R M A T _ V O L U M E _ I S S U E >----------------------------------------
-returns the concatenation of the formatted volume and issue parameters as a single string; or formatted volume
-or formatted issue, or an empty string if neither are set.
-]]
-local function format_volume_issue (volume, issue, cite_class, origin, sepc, lower)
-	if not is_set (volume) and not is_set (issue) then
-		return '';
-	end
-	if 'magazine' == cite_class or (in_array (cite_class, {'citation', 'map'}) and 'magazine' == origin) then
-		if is_set (volume) and is_set (issue) then
-			return wrap_msg ('vol-no', {sepc, volume, issue}, lower);
-		elseif is_set (volume) then
-			return wrap_msg ('vol', {sepc, volume}, lower);
-		else
-			return wrap_msg ('issue', {sepc, issue}, lower);
-		end
-	end
-	local vol = '';																-- here for all cites except magazine
-	if is_set (volume) then
-		if volume:match ('^[MDCLXVI]+$') or volume:match ('^%d+$')then			-- volume value is all digits or all uppercase roman numerals
-			vol = substitute (cfg.presentation['vol-bold'], {sepc, hyphen_to_dash(volume)});	-- render in bold face
-		elseif (4 < mw.ustring.len(volume)) then								-- not all digits or roman numerals and longer than 4 characters
-			vol = substitute (cfg.messages['j-vol'], {sepc, volume});			-- not bold
-		else																	-- four or less characters
-			vol = substitute (cfg.presentation['vol-bold'], {sepc, hyphen_to_dash(volume)});	-- bold
-		end
-	end
-	if is_set (issue) then
-		return vol .. substitute (cfg.messages['j-issue'], issue);
-	end
-	return vol;
-end
---[[-------------------------< F O R M A T _ P A G E S _ S H E E T S >-----------------------------------------
-adds static text to one of |page(s)= or |sheet(s)= values and returns it with all of the others set to empty strings.
-The return order is:
-	page, pages, sheet, sheets
-Singular has priority over plural when both are provided.
-]]
-local function format_pages_sheets (page, pages, sheet, sheets, cite_class, origin, sepc, nopp, lower)
-	if 'map' == cite_class then													-- only cite map supports sheet(s) as in-source locators
-		if is_set (sheet) then
-			if 'journal' == origin then
-				return '', '', wrap_msg ('j-sheet', sheet, lower), '';
-			else
-				return '', '', wrap_msg ('sheet', {sepc, sheet}, lower), '';
-			end
-		elseif is_set (sheets) then
-			if 'journal' == origin then
-				return '', '', '', wrap_msg ('j-sheets', sheets, lower);
-			else
-				return '', '', '', wrap_msg ('sheets', {sepc, sheets}, lower);
-			end
-		end
-	end
-	local is_journal = 'journal' == cite_class or (in_array (cite_class, {'citation', 'map', 'interview'}) and 'journal' == origin);
-	if is_set (page) then
-		if is_journal then
-			return substitute (cfg.messages['j-page(s)'], page), '', '', '';
-		elseif not nopp then
-			return substitute (cfg.messages['p-prefix'], {sepc, page}), '', '', '';
-		else
-			return substitute (cfg.messages['nopp'], {sepc, page}), '', '', '';
-		end
-	end
-	if is_set(pages) then
-		if is_journal then
-			return substitute (cfg.messages['j-page(s)'], pages), '', '', '';
-		elseif tonumber(pages) ~= nil and not nopp then							-- if pages is only digits, assume a single page number
-			return '', substitute (cfg.messages['pp-suffix'], {sepc, pages}), '', '';
-		elseif not nopp then
-			return '', substitute (cfg.messages['pp-suffix'], {sepc, pages}), '', '';
-		else
-			return '', substitute (cfg.messages['nopp'], {sepc, pages}), '', '';
-		end
-	end
-	return '', '', '', '';														-- return empty strings
-end
---[[--------------------------< I N S O U R C E _ L O C _ G E T >----------------------------------------------
-returns one of the in-source locators: page, pages, or at.
-If any of these are interwiki links to wikisource, returns the label portion of the interwikilink as plain text
-for use in COinS.  This COinS thing is done because here we convert an interwiki link to and external link and
-add an icon span around that; get_coins_pages() doesn't know about the span.  TODO: should it?
-TODO: add support for sheet and sheets?; streamline;
-TODO: make it so that this function returns only one of the three as the single in-source (the return value assigned
-to a new name)?
-]]
-local function insource_loc_get (page, pages, at)
-	local ws_url, ws_label, coins_pages, L;										-- for wikisource interwikilinks; TODO: this corrupts page metadata (span remains in place after cleanup; fix there?)
-	if is_set (page) then
-		if is_set (pages) or is_set(at) then
-			pages = '';															-- unset the others
-			at = '';
-		end
-		extra_text_in_page_check (page);										-- add this page to maint cat if |page= value begins with what looks like p. or pp.
-		ws_url, ws_label, L = wikisource_url_make (page);						-- make ws url from |page= interwiki link; link portion L becomes tool tip label
-		if ws_url then
-			page = external_link (ws_url, ws_label .. '&nbsp;', 'ws link in page');	-- space char after label to move icon away from in-source text; TODO: a better way to do this?
-			page = substitute (cfg.presentation['interwiki-icon'], {cfg.presentation['class-wikisource'], L, page});
-			coins_pages = ws_label;
-		end
-	elseif is_set (pages) then
-		if is_set (at) then
-			at = '';															-- unset
-		end
-		extra_text_in_page_check (pages);										-- add this page to maint cat if |pages= value begins with what looks like p. or pp.
-		ws_url, ws_label, L = wikisource_url_make (pages);						-- make ws url from |pages= interwiki link; link portion L becomes tool tip label
-		if ws_url then
-			pages = external_link (ws_url, ws_label .. '&nbsp;', 'ws link in pages');	-- space char after label to move icon away from in-source text; TODO: a better way to do this?
-			pages = substitute (cfg.presentation['interwiki-icon'], {cfg.presentation['class-wikisource'], L, pages});
-			coins_pages = ws_label;
-		end
-	elseif is_set (at) then
-		ws_url, ws_label, L = wikisource_url_make (at);							-- make ws url from |at= interwiki link; link portion L becomes tool tip label
-		if ws_url then
-			at = external_link (ws_url, ws_label .. '&nbsp;', 'ws link in at');	-- space char after label to move icon away from in-source text; TODO: a better way to do this?
-			at = substitute (cfg.presentation['interwiki-icon'], {cfg.presentation['class-wikisource'], L, at});
-			coins_pages = ws_label;
-		end
-	end
-	return page, pages, at, coins_pages;
-end
---[=[-------------------------< A R C H I V E _ U R L _ C H E C K >--------------------------------------------
-Check archive.org urls to make sure they at least look like they are pointing at valid archives and not to the
-save snapshot url or to calendar pages.  When the archive url is 'https://web.archive.org/save/' (or http://...)
-archive.org saves a snapshot of the target page in the url.  That is something that Wikipedia should not allow
-unwitting readers to do.
-When the archive.org url does not have a complete timestamp, archive.org chooses a snapshot according to its own
-algorithm or provides a calendar 'search' result.  [[WP:ELNO]] discourages links to search results.
-This function looks at the value assigned to |archive-url= and returns empty strings for |archive-url= and
-|archive-date= and an error message when:
-	|archive-url= holds an archive.org save command url
-	|archive-url= is an archive.org url that does not have a complete timestamp (YYYYMMDDhhmmss 14 digits) in the
-		correct place
-otherwise returns |archive-url= and |archive-date=
-There are two mostly compatible archive.org urls:
-	//web.archive.org/<timestamp>...		-- the old form
-	//web.archive.org/web/<timestamp>...	-- the new form
-The old form does not support or map to the new form when it contains a display flag.  There are four identified flags
-('id_', 'js_', 'cs_', 'im_') but since archive.org ignores others following the same form (two letters and an underscore)
-we don't check for these specific flags but we do check the form.
-This function supports a preview mode.  When the article is rendered in preview mode, this funct may return a modified
-archive url:
-	for save command errors, return undated wildcard (/*/)
-	for timestamp errors when the timestamp has a wildcard, return the url unmodified
-	for timestamp errors when the timestamp does not have a wildcard, return with timestamp limited to six digits plus wildcard (/yyyymm*/)
-]=]
-local function archive_url_check (url, date)
-	local err_msg = '';															-- start with the error message empty
-	local path, timestamp, flag;												-- portions of the archive.or url
-	if (not url:match('//web%.archive%.org/')) and (not url:match('//liveweb%.archive%.org/')) then		-- also deprecated liveweb Wayback machine url
-		return url, date;														-- not an archive.org archive, return ArchiveURL and ArchiveDate
-	end
-	if url:match('//web%.archive%.org/save/') then								-- if a save command url, we don't want to allow saving of the target page
-		err_msg = 'save command';
-		url = url:gsub ('(//web%.archive%.org)/save/', '%1/*/', 1);				-- for preview mode: modify ArchiveURL
-	elseif url:match('//liveweb%.archive%.org/') then
-		err_msg = 'liveweb';
-	else
-		path, timestamp, flag = url:match('//web%.archive%.org/([^%d]*)(%d+)([^/]*)/');	-- split out some of the url parts for evaluation
-		if not is_set(timestamp) or 14 ~= timestamp:len() then					-- path and flag optional, must have 14-digit timestamp here
-			err_msg = 'timestamp';
-			if '*' ~= flag then
-				url=url:gsub ('(//web%.archive%.org/[^%d]*%d?%d?%d?%d?%d?%d?)[^/]*', '%1*', 1)	-- for preview, modify ts to be yearmo* max (0-6 digits plus splat)
-			end
-		elseif is_set(path) and 'web/' ~= path then								-- older archive urls do not have the extra 'web/' path element
-			err_msg = 'path';
-		elseif is_set (flag) and not is_set (path) then							-- flag not allowed with the old form url (without the 'web/' path element)
-			err_msg = 'flag';
-		elseif is_set (flag) and not flag:match ('%a%a_') then					-- flag if present must be two alpha characters and underscore (requires 'web/' path element)
-			err_msg = 'flag';
-		else
-			return url, date;													-- return archiveURL and ArchiveDate
-		end
-	end
-																				-- if here, something not right so
-	table.insert( z.message_tail, { set_error( 'archive_url', {err_msg}, true ) } );	-- add error message and
-	if is_set (Frame:preprocess('{{REVISIONID}}')) then
-		return '', '';															-- return empty strings for archiveURL and ArchiveDate
-	else
-		return url, date;														-- preview mode so return archiveURL and ArchiveDate
-	end
-end
---[[--------------------------< C I T A T I O N 0 >------------------------------------------------------------
-This is the main function doing the majority of the citation formatting.
-]]
-local function citation0( config, args)
-	--[[
-	Load Input Parameters
-	The argument_wrapper facilitates the mapping of multiple aliases to single internal variable.
-	]]
-	local A = argument_wrapper( args );
-	local i
-	-- Pick out the relevant fields from the arguments.  Different citation templates
-	-- define different field names for the same underlying things.
--- set default parameter values defined by |mode= parameter.
-	local Mode = A['Mode'];
-	if not is_valid_parameter_value (Mode, 'mode', cfg.keywords['mode']) then
-		Mode = '';
-	end
-	local author_etal;
-	local a	= {};																-- authors list from |lastn= / |firstn= pairs or |vauthors=
-	local Authors;
-	local NameListFormat = A['NameListFormat'];
-	local Collaboration = A['Collaboration'];
-	do																			-- to limit scope of selected
-		local selected = select_author_editor_source (A['Vauthors'], A['Authors'], args, 'AuthorList');
-		if 1 == selected then
-			a, author_etal = extract_names (args, 'AuthorList');				-- fetch author list from |authorn= / |lastn= / |firstn=, |author-linkn=, and |author-maskn=
-		elseif 2 == selected then
-			NameListFormat = 'vanc';											-- override whatever |name-list-format= might be
-			a, author_etal = parse_vauthors_veditors (args, args.vauthors, 'AuthorList');	-- fetch author list from |vauthors=, |author-linkn=, and |author-maskn=
-		elseif 3 == selected then
-			Authors = A['Authors'];												-- use content of |authors=
-		end
-		if is_set (Collaboration) then
-			author_etal = true;													-- so that |display-authors=etal not required
-		end
-	end
-	local Others = A['Others'];
-	local editor_etal;
-	local e	= {};																-- editors list from |editor-lastn= / |editor-firstn= pairs or |veditors=
-	local Editors;
-	do																			-- to limit scope of selected
-		local selected = select_author_editor_source (A['Veditors'], A['Editors'], args, 'EditorList');
-		if 1 == selected then
-			e, editor_etal = extract_names (args, 'EditorList');				-- fetch editor list from |editorn= / |editor-lastn= / |editor-firstn=, |editor-linkn=, and |editor-maskn=
-		elseif 2 == selected then
-			NameListFormat = 'vanc';											-- override whatever |name-list-format= might be
-			e, editor_etal = parse_vauthors_veditors (args, args.veditors, 'EditorList');	-- fetch editor list from |veditors=, |editor-linkn=, and |editor-maskn=
-		elseif 3 == selected then
-			Editors = A['Editors'];												-- use content of |editors=
-		end
-	end
-	local translator_etal;
-	local t = {};																-- translators list from |translator-lastn= / translator-firstn= pairs
-	local Translators;															-- assembled translators name list
-	t = extract_names (args, 'TranslatorList');									-- fetch translator list from |translatorn= / |translator-lastn=, -firstn=, -linkn=, -maskn=
-	local interviewer_etal;
-	local interviewers_list = {};
-	local Interviewers;															-- used later
-	interviewers_list = extract_names (args, 'InterviewerList');				-- process preferred interviewers parameters
-	local contributor_etal;
-	local c = {};																-- contributors list from |contributor-lastn= / contributor-firstn= pairs
-	local Contributors;															-- assembled contributors name list
-	local Contribution = A['Contribution'];
-	if in_array(config.CitationClass, {"book","citation"}) and not is_set(A['Periodical']) then	-- |contributor= and |contribution= only supported in book cites
-		c = extract_names (args, 'ContributorList');							-- fetch contributor list from |contributorn= / |contributor-lastn=, -firstn=, -linkn=, -maskn=
-		if 0 < #c then
-			if not is_set (Contribution) then									-- |contributor= requires |contribution=
-				table.insert( z.message_tail, { set_error( 'contributor_missing_required_param', 'contribution')});	-- add missing contribution error message
-				c = {};															-- blank the contributors' table; it is used as a flag later
-			end
-			if 0 == #a then														-- |contributor= requires |author=
-				table.insert( z.message_tail, { set_error( 'contributor_missing_required_param', 'author')});	-- add missing author error message
-				c = {};															-- blank the contributors' table; it is used as a flag later
-			end
-		end
-	else																		-- if not a book cite
-		if select_one (args, cfg.aliases['ContributorList-Last'], 'redundant_parameters', 1 ) then	-- are there contributor name list parameters?
-			table.insert( z.message_tail, { set_error( 'contributor_ignored')});	-- add contributor ignored error message
-		end
-		Contribution = nil;														-- unset
-	end
-	if not is_valid_parameter_value (NameListFormat, 'name-list-format', cfg.keywords['name-list-format']) then	-- only accepted value for this parameter is 'vanc'
-		NameListFormat = '';													-- anything else, set to empty string
-	end
-	local Year = A['Year'];
-	local PublicationDate = A['PublicationDate'];
-	local OrigYear = A['OrigYear'];
-	local Date = A['Date'];
-	local LayDate = A['LayDate'];
-	------------------------------------------------- Get title data
-	local Title = A['Title'];
-	local ScriptTitle = A['ScriptTitle'];
-	local BookTitle = A['BookTitle'];
-	local Conference = A['Conference'];
-	local TransTitle = A['TransTitle'];
-	local TitleNote = A['TitleNote'];
-	local TitleLink = A['TitleLink'];
-			link_title_ok (TitleLink, A:ORIGIN ('TitleLink'), Title, 'title');	-- check for wikimarkup in |title-link= or wikimarkup in |title= when |title-link= is set
-	local Chapter = A['Chapter'];
-	local ScriptChapter = A['ScriptChapter'];
-	local ScriptChapterOrigin = A:ORIGIN ('ScriptChapter');
-	local ChapterLink	-- = A['ChapterLink'];									-- deprecated as a parameter but still used internally by cite episode
-	local TransChapter = A['TransChapter'];
-	local TitleType = A['TitleType'];
-	local Degree = A['Degree'];
-	local Docket = A['Docket'];
-	local ArchiveFormat = A['ArchiveFormat'];
-	local ArchiveDate;
-	local ArchiveURL;
-	ArchiveURL, ArchiveDate = archive_url_check (A['ArchiveURL'], A['ArchiveDate'])
-	local UrlStatus = A['UrlStatus'];
-	if 'url-status' == A:ORIGIN ('UrlStatus') then								-- interim: TODO: this line goes away
-		if not is_valid_parameter_value (UrlStatus, 'url-status', cfg.keywords ['url-status']) then	-- set in config.defaults to 'dead'
-			UrlStatus = '';														-- anything else, set to empty string
-		end																		-- interim: TODO: this line goes away
-	elseif is_set (A:ORIGIN ('UrlStatus')) then									-- interim: while both |dead-url= and |url-status= allowed use separate keyword lists; TODO: remove this section
-		if not is_valid_parameter_value (UrlStatus, A:ORIGIN ('UrlStatus'), cfg.keywords ['deadurl']) then	-- interim: assume |dead-url=; use those keywords; TODO: this line goes away
-			UrlStatus = '';														-- anything else, set to empty string; interim: TODO: this line goes away
-		end																		-- interim: TODO: this line goes away
-	end																			-- interim: TODO: this line goes away
-	if in_array (UrlStatus, {'yes', 'true', 'y'}) then							-- TODO: remove this whole thing when |dead-url=[yes|no] parameters removed from articles
-		UrlStatus = 'dead';
-	elseif 'no' == UrlStatus then
-		UrlStatus = 'live';
-	end
-	local URL = A['URL']
-	local URLorigin = A:ORIGIN('URL');											-- get name of parameter that holds URL
-	local ChapterURL = A['ChapterURL'];
-	local ChapterURLorigin = A:ORIGIN('ChapterURL');							-- get name of parameter that holds ChapterURL
-	local ConferenceFormat = A['ConferenceFormat'];
-	local ConferenceURL = A['ConferenceURL'];
-	local ConferenceURLorigin = A:ORIGIN('ConferenceURL');						-- get name of parameter that holds ConferenceURL
-	local Periodical = A['Periodical'];
-	local Periodical_origin = '';
-		if is_set (Periodical) then
-			Periodical_origin = A:ORIGIN('Periodical');							-- get the name of the periodical parameter
-			local i;
-			Periodical, i = strip_apostrophe_markup (Periodical);				-- strip appostrophe markup so that metadata isn't contaminated
-			if i then															-- non-zero when markup was stripped so emit an error message
-				table.insert( z.message_tail, {set_error ('apostrophe_markup', {Periodical_origin}, true)});
-			end
-		end
-	local ScriptPeriodical = A['ScriptPeriodical'];
-	local ScriptPeriodical_origin = A:ORIGIN('ScriptPeriodical');
-																				-- web and news not tested for now because of
-																				-- Wikipedia:Administrators%27_noticeboard#Is_there_a_semi-automated_tool_that_could_fix_these_annoying_"Cite_Web"_errors?
-	local TransPeriodical =  A['TransPeriodical'];
-	local Series = A['Series'];
-	local Volume;
-	local Issue;
-	local Page;
-	local Pages;
-	local At;
-	if 'citation' == config.CitationClass then
-		if is_set (Periodical) then
-			if not in_array (Periodical_origin, {'website', 'mailinglist'}) then	-- {{citation}} does not render volume for these 'periodicals'
-				Volume = A['Volume'];											-- but does for all other 'periodicals'
-			end
-		elseif is_set (ScriptPeriodical) then
-			if 'script-website' ~= ScriptPeriodical_origin then					-- {{citation}} does not render volume for |script-website=
-				Volume = A['Volume'];											-- but does for all other 'periodicals'
-			end
-		else
-			Volume = A['Volume'];												-- and does for non-'periodical' cites
-		end
-	elseif in_array (config.CitationClass, cfg.templates_using_volume) then		-- render |volume= for cs1 according to the configuration settings
-		Volume = A['Volume'];
-	end
-	if 'citation' == config.CitationClass then
-		if is_set (Periodical) and in_array (Periodical_origin, {'journal', 'magazine', 'newspaper', 'periodical', 'work'}) or	-- {{citation}} renders issue for these 'periodicals'
-			is_set (ScriptPeriodical) and in_array (ScriptPeriodical_origin, {'script-journal', 'script-magazine', 'script-newspaper', 'script-periodical', 'script-work'}) then -- and these 'script-periodicals'
-				Issue = hyphen_to_dash (A['Issue']);
-		end
-	elseif in_array (config.CitationClass, cfg.templates_using_issue) then		-- conference & map books do not support issue; {{citation}} listed here because included in settings table
-		if not (in_array (config.CitationClass, {'conference', 'map', 'citation'}) and not (is_set (Periodical) or is_set (ScriptPeriodical))) then
-			Issue = hyphen_to_dash (A['Issue']);
-		end
-	end
-	local Position = '';
-	if not in_array (config.CitationClass, cfg.templates_not_using_page) then
-		Page = A['Page'];
-		Pages = hyphen_to_dash (A['Pages']);
-		At = A['At'];
-	end
-	local Edition = A['Edition'];
-	local PublicationPlace = A['PublicationPlace']
-	local Place = A['Place'];
-	local PublisherName = A['PublisherName'];
-	local PublisherName_origin = A:ORIGIN('PublisherName');
-		if is_set (PublisherName) then
-			local i=0;
-			PublisherName, i = strip_apostrophe_markup (PublisherName);			-- strip appostrophe markup so that metadata isn't contaminated; publisher is never italicized
-			if i then															-- non-zero when markup was stripped so emit an error message
-				table.insert( z.message_tail, {set_error ('apostrophe_markup', {PublisherName_origin}, true)});
-			end
-		end
-	local RegistrationRequired = A['RegistrationRequired'];
-		if not is_valid_parameter_value (RegistrationRequired, 'registration', cfg.keywords ['yes_true_y']) then
-			RegistrationRequired=nil;
-		end
-	local SubscriptionRequired = A['SubscriptionRequired'];
-		if not is_valid_parameter_value (SubscriptionRequired, 'subscription', cfg.keywords ['yes_true_y']) then
-			SubscriptionRequired=nil;
-		end
-	local UrlAccess = A['UrlAccess'];
-		if not is_valid_parameter_value (UrlAccess, 'url-access', cfg.keywords ['url-access']) then
-			UrlAccess = nil;
-		end
-		if not is_set(URL) and is_set(UrlAccess) then
-			UrlAccess = nil;
-			table.insert( z.message_tail, { set_error( 'param_access_requires_param', {'url'}, true ) } );
-		end
-		if is_set (UrlAccess) and is_set (SubscriptionRequired) then			-- while not aliases, these are much the same so if both are set
-			table.insert( z.message_tail, { set_error( 'redundant_parameters', {wrap_style ('parameter', 'url-access') .. ' and ' .. wrap_style ('parameter', 'subscription')}, true ) } );		-- add error message
-			SubscriptionRequired = nil;											-- unset; prefer |access= over |subscription=
-		end
-		if is_set (UrlAccess) and is_set (RegistrationRequired) then			-- these are not the same but contradictory so if both are set
-			table.insert( z.message_tail, { set_error( 'redundant_parameters', {wrap_style ('parameter', 'url-access') .. ' and ' .. wrap_style ('parameter', 'registration')}, true ) } );		-- add error message
-			RegistrationRequired = nil;											-- unset; prefer |access= over |registration=
-		end
-	local ChapterUrlAccess = A['ChapterUrlAccess'];
-		if not is_valid_parameter_value (ChapterUrlAccess, A:ORIGIN('ChapterUrlAccess'), cfg.keywords ['url-access']) then	-- same as url-access
-			ChapterUrlAccess = nil;
-		end
-		if not is_set(ChapterURL) and is_set(ChapterUrlAccess) then
-			ChapterUrlAccess = nil;
-			table.insert( z.message_tail, { set_error( 'param_access_requires_param', {A:ORIGIN('ChapterUrlAccess'):gsub ('%-access', '')}, true ) } );
-		end
-	local MapUrlAccess = A['MapUrlAccess'];
-		if not is_valid_parameter_value (MapUrlAccess, 'map-url-access', cfg.keywords ['url-access']) then
-			MapUrlAccess = nil;
-		end
-		if not is_set(A['MapURL']) and is_set(MapUrlAccess) then
-			MapUrlAccess = nil;
-			table.insert( z.message_tail, { set_error( 'param_access_requires_param', {'map-url'}, true ) } );
-		end
-	local Via = A['Via'];
-	local AccessDate = A['AccessDate'];
-	local Agency = A['Agency'];
-	local Language = A['Language'];
-	local Format = A['Format'];
-	local ChapterFormat = A['ChapterFormat'];
-	local DoiBroken = A['DoiBroken'];
-	local ID = A['ID'];
-	local ASINTLD = A['ASINTLD'];
-	local IgnoreISBN = A['IgnoreISBN'];
-		if not is_valid_parameter_value (IgnoreISBN, 'ignore-isbn-error', cfg.keywords ['yes_true_y']) then
-			IgnoreISBN = nil;													-- anything else, set to empty string
-		end
-	local Embargo = A['Embargo'];
-	local Class = A['Class'];													-- arxiv class identifier
-	local ID_list = extract_ids( args );
-		if is_set (DoiBroken) and not ID_list['DOI'] then
-			table.insert( z.message_tail, { set_error( 'doibroken_missing_doi', A:ORIGIN('DoiBroken'))});
-		end
-	local ID_access_levels = extract_id_access_levels( args, ID_list );
-	local Quote = A['Quote'];
-	local LayFormat = A['LayFormat'];
-	local LayURL = A['LayURL'];
-	local LaySource = A['LaySource'];
-	local Transcript = A['Transcript'];
-	local TranscriptFormat = A['TranscriptFormat'];
-	local TranscriptURL = A['TranscriptURL']
-	local TranscriptURLorigin = A:ORIGIN('TranscriptURL');						-- get name of parameter that holds TranscriptURL
-	local LastAuthorAmp = A['LastAuthorAmp'];
-		if not is_valid_parameter_value (LastAuthorAmp, 'last-author-amp', cfg.keywords ['yes_true_y']) then
-			LastAuthorAmp = nil;												-- set to empty string
-		end
-	local no_tracking_cats = A['NoTracking'];
-		if not is_valid_parameter_value (no_tracking_cats, 'no-tracking', cfg.keywords ['yes_true_y']) then
-			no_tracking_cats = nil;												-- set to empty string
-		end
-	--local variables that are not cs1 parameters
-	local use_lowercase;														-- controls capitalization of certain static text
-	local this_page = mw.title.getCurrentTitle();								-- also used for COinS and for language
-	local anchor_year;															-- used in the CITEREF identifier
-	local COinS_date = {};														-- holds date info extracted from |date= for the COinS metadata by Module:Date verification
-	local DF = A['DF'];															-- date format set in cs1|2 template
-	if not is_valid_parameter_value (DF, 'df', cfg.keywords['date-format']) then	-- validate reformatting keyword
-		DF = '';																-- not valid, set to empty string
-	end
-	if not is_set (DF) then
-		DF = cfg.global_df;
-	end
-	local sepc;																	-- separator between citation elements for CS1 a period, for CS2, a comma
-	local PostScript;
-	local Ref;
-	sepc, PostScript, Ref = set_style (Mode:lower(), A['PostScript'], A['Ref'], config.CitationClass);
-	use_lowercase = ( sepc == ',' );											-- used to control capitalization for certain static text
-	--check this page to see if it is in one of the namespaces that cs1 is not supposed to add to the error categories
-	if not is_set (no_tracking_cats) then										-- ignore if we are already not going to categorize this page
-		if in_array (this_page.nsText, cfg.uncategorized_namespaces) then
-			no_tracking_cats = "true";											-- set no_tracking_cats
-		end
-		for _,v in ipairs (cfg.uncategorized_subpages) do						-- cycle through page name patterns
-			if this_page.text:match (v) then									-- test page name against each pattern
-				no_tracking_cats = "true";										-- set no_tracking_cats
-				break;															-- bail out if one is found
-			end
-		end
-	end
-	-- check for extra |page=, |pages= or |at= parameters. (also sheet and sheets while we're at it)
-	select_one( args, {'page', 'p', 'at', 'sheet', 'sheets'}, 'redundant_parameters' );	-- this is a dummy call simply to get the error message and category
-	local coins_pages;
-	Page, Pages, At, coins_pages = insource_loc_get (Page, Pages, At);
-	local NoPP = A['NoPP']
-	if is_set (NoPP) and is_valid_parameter_value (NoPP, 'nopp', cfg.keywords ['yes_true_y']) then
-		NoPP = true;
-	else
-		NoPP = nil;																-- unset, used as a flag later
-	end
-	if not is_set(PublicationPlace) and is_set(Place) then						-- both |publication-place= and |place= (|location=) allowed if different
-		PublicationPlace = Place;												-- promote |place= (|location=) to |publication-place
-	end
-	if PublicationPlace == Place then Place = ''; end							-- don't need both if they are the same
-	--[[
-	Parameter remapping for cite encyclopedia:
-	When the citation has these parameters:
-		|encyclopedia and |title then map |title to |article and |encyclopedia to |title
-		|encyclopedia and |article then map |encyclopedia to |title
-		|trans-title maps to |trans-chapter when |title is re-mapped
-		|url maps to |chapterurl when |title is remapped
-	All other combinations of |encyclopedia, |title, and |article are not modified
-	]]
-local Encyclopedia = A['Encyclopedia'];
-	if ( config.CitationClass == "encyclopaedia" ) or ( config.CitationClass == "citation" and is_set (Encyclopedia)) then	-- test code for citation
-		if is_set (Periodical) then												-- Periodical is set when |encyclopedia is set
-			if is_set(Title) or is_set (ScriptTitle) then
-				if not is_set(Chapter) then
-					Chapter = Title;											-- |encyclopedia and |title are set so map |title to |article and |encyclopedia to |title
-					ScriptChapter = ScriptTitle;
-					ScriptChapterOrigin = 'title';
-					TransChapter = TransTitle;
-					ChapterURL = URL;
-					ChapterUrlAccess = UrlAccess;
-					if not is_set (ChapterURL) and is_set (TitleLink) then
-						Chapter = make_wikilink (TitleLink, Chapter);
-					end
-					Title = Periodical;
-					ChapterFormat = Format;
-					Periodical = '';											-- redundant so unset
-					TransTitle = '';
-					URL = '';
-					Format = '';
-					TitleLink = '';
-					ScriptTitle = '';
-				end
-			elseif is_set (Chapter) then										-- |title not set
-				Title = Periodical;												-- |encyclopedia set and |article set so map |encyclopedia to |title
-				Periodical = '';												-- redundant so unset
-			end
-		end
-	end
-	-- Special case for cite techreport.
-	if (config.CitationClass == "techreport") then								-- special case for cite techreport
-		if is_set(A['Number']) then												-- cite techreport uses 'number', which other citations alias to 'issue'
-			if not is_set(ID) then												-- can we use ID for the "number"?
-				ID = A['Number'];												-- yes, use it
-			else																-- ID has a value so emit error message
-				table.insert( z.message_tail, { set_error('redundant_parameters', {wrap_style ('parameter', 'id') .. ' and ' .. wrap_style ('parameter', 'number')}, true )});
-			end
-		end
-	end
-	-- special case for cite mailing list
-	if (config.CitationClass == "mailinglist") then
-		Periodical = A ['MailingList'];
-	elseif 'mailinglist' == Periodical_origin then
-		Periodical = '';														-- unset because mailing list is only used for cite mailing list
-	end
-	-- Account for the oddity that is {{cite conference}}, before generation of COinS data.
-	if 'conference' == config.CitationClass then
-		if is_set(BookTitle) then
-			Chapter = Title;
---			ChapterLink = TitleLink;											-- |chapterlink= is deprecated
-			ChapterURL = URL;
-			ChapterUrlAccess = UrlAccess;
-			ChapterURLorigin = URLorigin;
-			URLorigin = '';
-			ChapterFormat = Format;
-			TransChapter = TransTitle;
-			Title = BookTitle;
-			Format = '';
---			TitleLink = '';
-			TransTitle = '';
-			URL = '';
-		end
-	elseif 'speech' ~= config.CitationClass then
-		Conference = '';														-- not cite conference or cite speech so make sure this is empty string
-	end
-	-- cite map oddities
-	local Cartography = "";
-	local Scale = "";
-	local Sheet = A['Sheet'] or '';
-	local Sheets = A['Sheets'] or '';
-	if config.CitationClass == "map" then
-		Chapter = A['Map'];
-		ChapterURL = A['MapURL'];
-		ChapterUrlAccess = MapUrlAccess;
-		TransChapter = A['TransMap'];
-		ChapterURLorigin = A:ORIGIN('MapURL');
-		ChapterFormat = A['MapFormat'];
-		Cartography = A['Cartography'];
-		if is_set( Cartography ) then
-			Cartography = sepc .. " " .. wrap_msg ('cartography', Cartography, use_lowercase);
-		end
-		Scale = A['Scale'];
-		if is_set( Scale ) then
-			Scale = sepc .. " " .. Scale;
-		end
-	end
-	-- Account for the oddities that are {{cite episode}} and {{cite serial}}, before generation of COinS data.
-	if 'episode' == config.CitationClass or 'serial' == config.CitationClass then
-		local AirDate = A['AirDate'];
-		local SeriesLink = A['SeriesLink'];
-		link_title_ok (SeriesLink, A:ORIGIN ('SeriesLink'), Series, 'series');	-- check for wikimarkup in |series-link= or wikimarkup in |series= when |series-link= is set
-		local Network = A['Network'];
-		local Station = A['Station'];
-		local s, n = {}, {};
-																				-- do common parameters first
-		if is_set(Network) then table.insert(n, Network); end
-		if is_set(Station) then table.insert(n, Station); end
-		ID = table.concat(n, sepc .. ' ');
-		if not is_set (Date) and is_set (AirDate) then							-- promote airdate to date
-			Date = AirDate;
-		end
-		if 'episode' == config.CitationClass then								-- handle the oddities that are strictly {{cite episode}}
-			local Season = A['Season'];
-			local SeriesNumber = A['SeriesNumber'];
-			if is_set (Season) and is_set (SeriesNumber) then					-- these are mutually exclusive so if both are set
-				table.insert( z.message_tail, { set_error( 'redundant_parameters', {wrap_style ('parameter', 'season') .. ' and ' .. wrap_style ('parameter', 'seriesno')}, true ) } );		-- add error message
-				SeriesNumber = '';												-- unset; prefer |season= over |seriesno=
-			end
-																				-- assemble a table of parts concatenated later into Series
-			if is_set(Season) then table.insert(s, wrap_msg ('season', Season, use_lowercase)); end
-			if is_set(SeriesNumber) then table.insert(s, wrap_msg ('seriesnum', SeriesNumber, use_lowercase)); end
-			if is_set(Issue) then table.insert(s, wrap_msg ('episode', Issue, use_lowercase)); end
-			Issue = '';															-- unset because this is not a unique parameter
-			Chapter = Title;													-- promote title parameters to chapter
-			ScriptChapter = ScriptTitle;
-			ScriptChapterOrigin = 'title';
-			ChapterLink = TitleLink;											-- alias episodelink
-			TransChapter = TransTitle;
-			ChapterURL = URL;
-			ChapterUrlAccess = UrlAccess;
-			ChapterURLorigin = A:ORIGIN('URL');
-			Title = Series;														-- promote series to title
-			TitleLink = SeriesLink;
-			Series = table.concat(s, sepc .. ' ');								-- this is concatenation of season, seriesno, episode number
-			if is_set (ChapterLink) and not is_set (ChapterURL) then			-- link but not URL
-				Chapter = make_wikilink (ChapterLink, Chapter);
-			elseif is_set (ChapterLink) and is_set (ChapterURL) then			-- if both are set, URL links episode;
-				Series = make_wikilink (ChapterLink, Series);
-			end
-			URL = '';															-- unset
-			TransTitle = '';
-			ScriptTitle = '';
-		else																	-- now oddities that are cite serial
-			Issue = '';															-- unset because this parameter no longer supported by the citation/core version of cite serial
-			Chapter = A['Episode'];												-- TODO: make |episode= available to cite episode someday?
-			if is_set (Series) and is_set (SeriesLink) then
-				Series = make_wikilink (SeriesLink, Series);
-			end
-			Series = wrap_style ('italic-title', Series);						-- series is italicized
-		end
-	end
-	-- end of {{cite episode}} stuff
-	-- Account for the oddities that are {{cite arxiv}}, {{cite biorxiv}}, {{cite citeseerx}}, {{cite ssrn}}, before generation of COinS data.
-	do
-		if in_array (config.CitationClass, {'arxiv', 'biorxiv', 'citeseerx', 'ssrn'}) then
-			if not is_set (ID_list[config.CitationClass:upper()]) then			-- |arxiv= or |eprint= required for cite arxiv; |biorxiv= & |citeseerx= required for their templates
-				table.insert( z.message_tail, { set_error( config.CitationClass .. '_missing', {}, true ) } );	-- add error message
-			end
-			Periodical = ({['arxiv'] = 'arXiv', ['biorxiv'] = bioRxiv, ['citeseerx'] = 'CiteSeerX', ['ssrn'] = 'Social Science Research Network'})[config.CitationClass];
-		end
-	end
-	-- handle type parameter for those CS1 citations that have default values
-	if in_array(config.CitationClass, {"AV-media-notes", "interview", "mailinglist", "map", "podcast", "pressrelease", "report", "techreport", "thesis"}) then
-		TitleType = set_titletype (config.CitationClass, TitleType);
-		if is_set(Degree) and "Thesis" == TitleType then						-- special case for cite thesis
-			TitleType = Degree .. ' ' .. cfg.title_types ['thesis']:lower();
-		end
-	end
-	if is_set(TitleType) then													-- if type parameter is specified
-		TitleType = substitute( cfg.messages['type'], TitleType);				-- display it in parentheses
-	-- TODO: Hack on TitleType to fix bunched parentheses problem
-	end
-	-- legacy: promote PublicationDate to Date if neither Date nor Year are set.
- 	local Date_origin;															-- to hold the name of parameter promoted to Date; required for date error messaging
-	if not is_set (Date) then
-		Date = Year;															-- promote Year to Date
-		Year = nil;																-- make nil so Year as empty string isn't used for CITEREF
-		if not is_set (Date) and is_set(PublicationDate) then					-- use PublicationDate when |date= and |year= are not set
-			Date = PublicationDate;												-- promote PublicationDate to Date
-			PublicationDate = '';												-- unset, no longer needed
-			Date_origin = A:ORIGIN('PublicationDate');							-- save the name of the promoted parameter
-		else
-			Date_origin = A:ORIGIN('Year');										-- save the name of the promoted parameter
-		end
-	else
-		Date_origin = A:ORIGIN('Date');											-- not a promotion; name required for error messaging
-	end
-	if PublicationDate == Date then PublicationDate = ''; end					-- if PublicationDate is same as Date, don't display in rendered citation
-	--[[
-	Go test all of the date-holding parameters for valid MOS:DATE format and make sure that dates are real dates. This must be done before we do COinS because here is where
-	we get the date used in the metadata.
-	Date validation supporting code is in Module:Citation/CS1/Date_validation
-	]]
-	do	-- create defined block to contain local variables error_message, date_parameters_list, mismatch
-		local error_message = '';
-																				-- AirDate has been promoted to Date so not necessary to check it
-		local date_parameters_list = {
-			['access-date'] = {val=AccessDate, name=A:ORIGIN ('AccessDate')},
-			['archive-date'] = {val=ArchiveDate, name=A:ORIGIN ('ArchiveDate')},
-			['date'] = {val=Date, name=Date_origin},
-			['doi-broken-date'] = {val=DoiBroken, name=A:ORIGIN ('DoiBroken')},
-			['embargo'] = {val=Embargo, name=A:ORIGIN ('Embargo')},
-			['lay-date'] = {val=LayDate, name=A:ORIGIN ('LayDate')},
-			['publication-date'] ={val=PublicationDate, name=A:ORIGIN ('PublicationDate')},
-			['year'] = {val=Year, name=A:ORIGIN ('Year')},
-			};
-		anchor_year, Embargo, error_message = dates(date_parameters_list, COinS_date);
--- end temporary Julian / Gregorian calendar uncertainty categorization
-		if is_set (Year) and is_set (Date) then									-- both |date= and |year= not normally needed;
-			local mismatch = year_date_check (Year, Date)
-			if 0 == mismatch then												-- |year= does not match a year-value in |date=
-				if is_set (error_message) then									-- if there is already an error message
-					error_message = error_message .. ', ';						-- tack on this additional message
-				end
-				error_message = error_message .. '&#124;year= / &#124;date= mismatch';
-			end
-		end
-		if not is_set(error_message) then										-- error free dates only
-			local modified = false;												-- flag
-			if is_set (DF) then													-- if we need to reformat dates
-				modified = reformat_dates (date_parameters_list, DF, false);	-- reformat to DF format, use long month names if appropriate
-			end
-			if true == date_hyphen_to_dash (date_parameters_list) then			-- convert hyphens to dashes where appropriate
-				modified = true;
-			end
-	-- for those wikis that can and want to have English date names translated to the local language,
-	-- uncomment these three lines.  Not supported by en.wiki (for obvious reasons)
-	-- set date_name_xlate() second argument to true to translate English digits to local digits (will translate ymd dates)
---			if date_name_xlate (date_parameters_list, false) then
---				modified = true;
---			end
-			if modified then													-- if the date_parameters_list values were modified
-				AccessDate = date_parameters_list['access-date'].val;			-- overwrite date holding parameters with modified values
-				ArchiveDate = date_parameters_list['archive-date'].val;
-				Date = date_parameters_list['date'].val;
-				DoiBroken = date_parameters_list['doi-broken-date'].val;
-				LayDate = date_parameters_list['lay-date'].val;
-				PublicationDate = date_parameters_list['publication-date'].val;
-			end
-		end
-	end	-- end of do
-	-- Account for the oddity that is {{cite journal}} with |pmc= set and |url= not set.  Do this after date check but before COInS.
-	-- Here we unset Embargo if PMC not embargoed (|embargo= not set in the citation) or if the embargo time has expired. Otherwise, holds embargo date
-	Embargo = is_embargoed (Embargo);
-	if config.CitationClass == "journal" and not is_set(URL) and is_set(ID_list['PMC']) then
-		if not is_set (Embargo) then											-- if not embargoed or embargo has expired
-			URL=cfg.id_handlers['PMC'].prefix .. ID_list['PMC'];				-- set url to be the same as the PMC external link if not embargoed
-			URLorigin = cfg.id_handlers['PMC'].parameters[1];					-- set URLorigin to parameter name for use in error message if citation is missing a |title=
-			if is_set(AccessDate) then											-- access date requires |url=; pmc created url is not |url=
-				table.insert( z.message_tail, { set_error( 'accessdate_missing_url', {}, true ) } );
-				AccessDate = '';												-- unset
-			end
-		end
-	end
-	-- At this point fields may be nil if they weren't specified in the template use.  We can use that fact.
-	-- Test if citation has no title
-	if	not is_set(Title) and
-		not is_set(TransTitle) and
-		not is_set(ScriptTitle) then
-			if 'episode' == config.CitationClass then
-			end
-	end
-	if 'none' == Title and
-			in_array (config.CitationClass, {'journal', 'citation'}) and
-			(is_set (Periodical) or is_set (ScriptPeriodical)) and
-			('journal' == Periodical_origin or 'script-journal' == ScriptPeriodical_origin) then	-- special case for journal cites
-				Title = '';														-- set title to empty string
-	end
-	check_for_url ({															-- add error message when any of these parameters hold a URL
-		['title']=Title,
-		[A:ORIGIN('Chapter')]=Chapter,
-		[Periodical_origin] = Periodical,
-		[PublisherName_origin] = PublisherName
-		});
-	-- COinS metadata (see <http://ocoins.info/>) for automated parsing of citation information.
-	-- handle the oddity that is cite encyclopedia and {{citation |encyclopedia=something}}. Here we presume that
-	-- when Periodical, Title, and Chapter are all set, then Periodical is the book (encyclopedia) title, Title
-	-- is the article title, and Chapter is a section within the article.  So, we remap
-	local coins_chapter = Chapter;												-- default assuming that remapping not required
-	local coins_title = Title;													-- et tu
-	if 'encyclopaedia' == config.CitationClass or ('citation' == config.CitationClass and is_set (Encyclopedia)) then
-		if is_set (Chapter) and is_set (Title) and is_set (Periodical) then		-- if all are used then
-			coins_chapter = Title;												-- remap
-			coins_title = Periodical;
-		end
-	end
-	local coins_author = a;														-- default for coins rft.au
-	if 0 < #c then																-- but if contributor list
-		coins_author = c;														-- use that instead
-	end
-	-- this is the function call to COinS()
-	local OCinSoutput = COinS({
-		['Periodical'] = strip_apostrophe_markup (Periodical),					-- no markup in the metadata
-		['Encyclopedia'] = strip_apostrophe_markup (Encyclopedia),
-		['Chapter'] = make_coins_title (coins_chapter, ScriptChapter),			-- Chapter and ScriptChapter stripped of bold / italic wikimarkup
-		['Degree'] = Degree;													-- cite thesis only
-		['Title'] = make_coins_title (coins_title, ScriptTitle),				-- Title and ScriptTitle stripped of bold / italic wikimarkup
-		['PublicationPlace'] = PublicationPlace,
-		['Date'] = COinS_date.rftdate,											-- COinS_date has correctly formatted date if Date is valid;
-		['Season'] = COinS_date.rftssn,
-		['Chron'] =  COinS_date.rftchron or (not COinS_date.rftdate and Date) or '',	-- chron but if not set and invalid date format use Date; keep this last bit?
-		['Series'] = Series,
-		['Volume'] = Volume,
-		['Issue'] = Issue,
-		['Pages'] = coins_pages or get_coins_pages (first_set ({Sheet, Sheets, Page, Pages, At}, 5)),	-- pages stripped of external links
-		['Edition'] = Edition,
-		['PublisherName'] = PublisherName,										-- any apostrophe markup already removed
-		['URL'] = first_set ({ChapterURL, URL}, 2),
-		['Authors'] = coins_author,
-		['ID_list'] = ID_list,
-		['RawPage'] = this_page.prefixedText,
-	}, config.CitationClass);
-	-- Account for the oddities that are {{cite arxiv}}, {{cite biorxiv}}, {{cite citeseerx}}, and {{cite ssrn}} AFTER generation of COinS data.
-	if in_array (config.CitationClass, {'arxiv', 'biorxiv', 'citeseerx', 'ssrn'}) then	-- we have set rft.jtitle in COinS to arXiv, bioRxiv, CiteSeerX, or ssrn now unset so it isn't displayed
-		Periodical = '';														-- periodical not allowed in these templates; if article has been published, use cite journal
-	end
-	-- special case for cite newsgroup.  Do this after COinS because we are modifying Publishername to include some static text
-	if 'newsgroup' == config.CitationClass then
-		if is_set (PublisherName) then
-			PublisherName = substitute (cfg.messages['newsgroup'], external_link( 'news:' .. PublisherName, PublisherName, PublisherName_origin, nil ));
-		end
-	end
-	-- Now perform various field substitutions.
-	-- We also add leading spaces and surrounding markup and punctuation to the
-	-- various parts of the citation, but only when they are non-nil.
-	local EditorCount;															-- used only for choosing {ed.) or (eds.) annotation at end of editor name-list
-	do
-		local last_first_list;
-		local control = {
-			format = NameListFormat,											-- empty string or 'vanc'
-			maximum = nil,														-- as if display-authors or display-editors not set
-			lastauthoramp = LastAuthorAmp,
-			page_name = this_page.text,											-- get current page name so that we don't wikilink to it via editorlinkn
-			mode = Mode
-		};
-		do																		-- do editor name list first because the now unsupported coauthors used to modify control table
-			control.maximum , editor_etal = get_display_names (A['DisplayEditors'], #e, 'editors', editor_etal);
-			last_first_list, EditorCount = list_people(control, e, editor_etal);
-			if is_set (Editors) then
-				Editors, editor_etal = name_has_etal (Editors, editor_etal, false, 'editors');	-- find and remove variations on et al.
-				if editor_etal then
-					Editors = Editors .. ' ' .. cfg.messages['et al'];			-- add et al. to editors parameter beause |display-editors=etal
-					EditorCount = 2;											-- with et al., |editors= is multiple names; spoof to display (eds.) annotation
-				else
-					EditorCount = 2;											-- we don't know but assume |editors= is multiple names; spoof to display (eds.) annotation
-				end
-			else
-				Editors = last_first_list;										-- either an author name list or an empty string
-			end
-			if 1 == EditorCount and (true == editor_etal or 1 < #e) then		-- only one editor displayed but includes etal then
-				EditorCount = 2;												-- spoof to display (eds.) annotation
-			end
-		end
-		do																		-- now do interviewers
-			control.maximum , interviewer_etal = get_display_names (A['DisplayInterviewers'], #interviewers_list, 'interviewers', interviewer_etal);
-			Interviewers = list_people (control, interviewers_list, interviewer_etal);
-		end
-		do																		-- now do translators
-			control.maximum , translator_etal = get_display_names (A['DisplayTranslators'], #t, 'translators', translator_etal);
-			Translators = list_people (control, t, translator_etal);
-		end
-		do																		-- now do contributors
-			control.maximum , contributor_etal = get_display_names (A['DisplayContributors'], #c, 'contributors', contributor_etal);
-			Contributors = list_people (control, c, contributor_etal);
-		end
-		do																		-- now do authors
-			control.maximum , author_etal = get_display_names (A['DisplayAuthors'], #a, 'authors', author_etal);
-			last_first_list = list_people(control, a, author_etal);
-			if is_set (Authors) then
-				Authors, author_etal = name_has_etal (Authors, author_etal, false, 'authors');	-- find and remove variations on et al.
-				if author_etal then
-					Authors = Authors .. ' ' .. cfg.messages['et al'];			-- add et al. to authors parameter
-				end
-			else
-				Authors = last_first_list;										-- either an author name list or an empty string
-			end
-		end																		-- end of do
-		if is_set (Authors) and is_set (Collaboration) then
-			Authors = Authors .. ' (' .. Collaboration .. ')';					-- add collaboration after et al.
-		end
-	end
-	-- apply |[xx-]format= styling; at the end, these parameters hold correctly styled format annotation,
-	-- an error message if the associated url is not set, or an empty string for concatenation
-	ArchiveFormat = style_format (ArchiveFormat, ArchiveURL, 'archive-format', 'archive-url');
-	ConferenceFormat = style_format (ConferenceFormat, ConferenceURL, 'conference-format', 'conference-url');
-	Format = style_format (Format, URL, 'format', 'url');
-	LayFormat = style_format (LayFormat, LayURL, 'lay-format', 'lay-url');
-	TranscriptFormat = style_format (TranscriptFormat, TranscriptURL, 'transcript-format', 'transcripturl');
-	-- special case for chapter format so no error message or cat when chapter not supported
-	if not (in_array(config.CitationClass, {'web', 'news', 'journal', 'magazine', 'pressrelease', 'podcast', 'newsgroup', 'arxiv', 'biorxiv', 'citeseerx', 'ssrn'}) or
-		('citation' == config.CitationClass and (is_set (Periodical) or is_set (ScriptPeriodical)) and not is_set (Encyclopedia))) then
-			ChapterFormat = style_format (ChapterFormat, ChapterURL, 'chapter-format', 'chapter-url');
-	end
-	if not is_set(URL) then
-		if in_array(config.CitationClass, {"web","podcast", "mailinglist"}) or		-- |url= required for cite web, cite podcast, and cite mailinglist
-			('citation' == config.CitationClass and ('website' == Periodical_origin or 'script-website' == ScriptPeriodical_origin)) then	-- and required for {{citation}} with |website= or |script-website=
-				table.insert( z.message_tail, { set_error( 'cite_web_url', {}, true ) } );
-		end
-		-- do we have |accessdate= without either |url= or |chapter-url=?
-		if is_set(AccessDate) and not is_set(ChapterURL)then					-- ChapterURL may be set when URL is not set;
-			table.insert( z.message_tail, { set_error( 'accessdate_missing_url', {}, true ) } );
-			AccessDate = '';
-		end
-	end
-	local OriginalURL, OriginalURLorigin, OriginalFormat, OriginalAccess;
---	DeadURL = DeadURL:lower();													-- used later when assembling archived text
-	UrlStatus = UrlStatus:lower();												-- used later when assembling archived text
-	if is_set( ArchiveURL ) then
-		if is_set (ChapterURL) then 											-- if chapter-url is set apply archive url to it
-			OriginalURL = ChapterURL;											-- save copy of source chapter's url for archive text
-			OriginalURLorigin = ChapterURLorigin;								-- name of chapter-url parameter for error messages
-			OriginalFormat = ChapterFormat;										-- and original |chapter-format=
---			if 'no' ~= DeadURL then
-			if 'live' ~= UrlStatus then
-				ChapterURL = ArchiveURL											-- swap-in the archive's url
-				ChapterURLorigin = A:ORIGIN('ArchiveURL')						-- name of archive-url parameter for error messages
-				ChapterFormat = ArchiveFormat or '';							-- swap in archive's format
-				ChapterUrlAccess = nil;											-- restricted access levels do not make sense for archived urls
-			end
-		elseif is_set (URL) then
-			OriginalURL = URL;													-- save copy of original source URL
-			OriginalURLorigin = URLorigin;										-- name of url parameter for error messages
-			OriginalFormat = Format; 											-- and original |format=
-			OriginalAccess = UrlAccess;
---			if 'no' ~= DeadURL then												-- if URL set then archive-url applies to it
-			if 'live' ~= UrlStatus then											-- if URL set then archive-url applies to it
-				URL = ArchiveURL												-- swap-in the archive's url
-				URLorigin = A:ORIGIN('ArchiveURL')								-- name of archive url parameter for error messages
-				Format = ArchiveFormat or '';									-- swap in archive's format
-				UrlAccess = nil;												-- restricted access levels do not make sense for archived urls
-			end
- 		end
-	end
-	if in_array(config.CitationClass, {'web','news','journal', 'magazine', 'pressrelease', 'podcast', 'newsgroup', 'arxiv', 'biorxiv', 'citeseerx', 'ssrn'}) or	-- if any of the 'periodical' cites except encyclopedia
-		('citation' == config.CitationClass and (is_set (Periodical) or is_set (ScriptPeriodical)) and not is_set (Encyclopedia)) then
-			local chap_param;
-			if is_set (Chapter) then											-- get a parameter name from one of these chapter related meta-parameters
-				chap_param = A:ORIGIN ('Chapter')
-			elseif is_set (TransChapter) then
-				chap_param = A:ORIGIN ('TransChapter')
-			elseif is_set (ChapterURL) then
-				chap_param = A:ORIGIN ('ChapterURL')
-			elseif is_set (ScriptChapter) then
-				chap_param = ScriptChapterOrigin;
-			else is_set (ChapterFormat)
-				chap_param = A:ORIGIN ('ChapterFormat')
-			end
-			if is_set (chap_param) then											-- if we found one
-				table.insert( z.message_tail, { set_error( 'chapter_ignored', {chap_param}, true ) } );		-- add error message
-				Chapter = '';													-- and set them to empty string to be safe with concatenation
-				TransChapter = '';
-				ChapterURL = '';
-				ScriptChapter = '';
-				ChapterFormat = '';
-			end
-	else																		-- otherwise, format chapter / article title
-		local no_quotes = false;												-- default assume that we will be quoting the chapter parameter value
-		if is_set (Contribution) and 0 < #c then								-- if this is a contribution with contributor(s)
-			if in_array (Contribution:lower(), cfg.keywords.contribution) then	-- and a generic contribution title
-				no_quotes = true;												-- then render it unquoted
-			end
-		end
-		Chapter = format_chapter_title (ScriptChapter, ScriptChapterOrigin, Chapter, TransChapter, ChapterURL, ChapterURLorigin, no_quotes, ChapterUrlAccess);		-- Contribution is also in Chapter
-		if is_set (Chapter) then
-			Chapter = Chapter .. ChapterFormat ;
-			if 'map' == config.CitationClass and is_set (TitleType) then
-				Chapter = Chapter .. ' ' .. TitleType;							-- map annotation here; not after title
-			end
-			Chapter = Chapter.. sepc .. ' ';
-		elseif is_set (ChapterFormat) then										-- |chapter= not set but |chapter-format= is so ...
-			Chapter = ChapterFormat .. sepc .. ' ';								-- ... ChapterFormat has error message, we want to see it
-		end
-	end
-	-- Format main title.
-	if Title:match ('^%(%(.*%)%)$') then										-- if keep as written markup:
-		Title= Title:gsub ('^%(%((.*)%)%)$', '%1')								-- remove the markup
-	else
-		if '...' == Title:sub (-3) then											-- if elipsis is the last three characters of |title=
-			Title = Title:gsub ('(%.%.%.)%.+$', '%1');							-- limit the number of dots to three
-		elseif not mw.ustring.find (Title, '%.%s*%a%.$') and					-- end of title is not a 'dot-(optional space-)letter-dot' initialism ...
-			not mw.ustring.find (Title, '%s+%a%.$') then						-- ...and not a 'space-letter-dot' initial (''Allium canadense'' L.)
-				Title = mw.ustring.gsub(Title, '%'..sepc..'$', '');				-- remove any trailing separator character; sepc and ms.ustring() here for languages that use multibyte separator characters
-		end
-	end
-	if in_array(config.CitationClass, {'web', 'news', 'journal', 'magazine', 'pressrelease', 'podcast', 'newsgroup', 'mailinglist', 'interview', 'arxiv', 'biorxiv', 'citeseerx', 'ssrn'}) or
-		('citation' == config.CitationClass and (is_set (Periodical) or is_set (ScriptPeriodical)) and not is_set (Encyclopedia)) or
-		('map' == config.CitationClass and (is_set (Periodical) or is_set (ScriptPeriodical))) then		-- special case for cite map when the map is in a periodical treat as an article
-			Title = kern_quotes (Title);										-- if necessary, separate title's leading and trailing quote marks from Module provided quote marks
-			Title = wrap_style ('quoted-title', Title);
-			Title = script_concatenate (Title, ScriptTitle, 'script-title');	-- <bdi> tags, lang atribute, categorization, etc; must be done after title is wrapped
-			TransTitle= wrap_style ('trans-quoted-title', TransTitle );
-	elseif 'report' == config.CitationClass then								-- no styling for cite report
-		Title = script_concatenate (Title, ScriptTitle, 'script-title');		-- <bdi> tags, lang atribute, categorization, etc; must be done after title is wrapped
-		TransTitle= wrap_style ('trans-quoted-title', TransTitle );				-- for cite report, use this form for trans-title
-	else
-		Title = wrap_style ('italic-title', Title);
-		Title = script_concatenate (Title, ScriptTitle, 'script-title');		-- <bdi> tags, lang atribute, categorization, etc; must be done after title is wrapped
-		TransTitle = wrap_style ('trans-italic-title', TransTitle);
-	end
-	local TransError = "";
-	if is_set(TransTitle) then
-		if is_set(Title) then
-			TransTitle = " " .. TransTitle;
-		else
-			TransError = " " .. set_error( 'trans_missing_title', {'title'} );
-		end
-	end
-	if is_set(Title) then
-		if not is_set (TitleLink) and is_set (URL) then
-			Title = external_link (URL, Title, URLorigin, UrlAccess) .. TransTitle .. TransError .. Format;
-			URL = '';															-- unset these because no longer needed
-			Format = "";
-		elseif is_set (TitleLink) and not is_set (URL) then
-			local ws_url;
-			ws_url = wikisource_url_make (TitleLink);							-- ignore ws_label return; not used here
-			if ws_url then
-				Title = external_link (ws_url, Title .. '&nbsp;', 'ws link in title-link');	-- space char after Title to move icon away from italic text; TODO: a better way to do this?
-				Title = substitute (cfg.presentation['interwiki-icon'], {cfg.presentation['class-wikisource'], TitleLink, Title});
-				Title = Title .. TransTitle .. TransError;
-			else
-				Title = make_wikilink (TitleLink, Title) .. TransTitle .. TransError;
-			end
-		else
-			local ws_url, ws_label;
-			ws_url, ws_label, L = wikisource_url_make (Title);					-- make ws url from |title= interwiki link; link portion L becomes tool tip label
-			if ws_url then
-				Title = Title:gsub ('%b[]', ws_label);							-- replace interwiki link with ws_label to retain markup
-				Title = external_link (ws_url, Title .. '&nbsp;', 'ws link in title');	-- space char after Title to move icon away from italic text; TODO: a better way to do this?
-				Title = substitute (cfg.presentation['interwiki-icon'], {cfg.presentation['class-wikisource'], L, Title});
-				Title = Title .. TransTitle .. TransError;
-			else
-				Title = Title .. TransTitle .. TransError;
-			end
-		end
-	else
-		Title = TransTitle .. TransError;
-	end
-	if is_set(Place) then
-		Place = " " .. wrap_msg ('written', Place, use_lowercase) .. sepc .. " ";
-	end
-	if is_set (Conference) then
-		if is_set (ConferenceURL) then
-			Conference = external_link( ConferenceURL, Conference, ConferenceURLorigin, nil );
-		end
-		Conference = sepc .. " " .. Conference .. ConferenceFormat;
-	elseif is_set(ConferenceURL) then
-		Conference = sepc .. " " .. external_link( ConferenceURL, nil, ConferenceURLorigin, nil );
-	end
-	if not is_set(Position) then
-		local Minutes = A['Minutes'];
-		local Time = A['Time'];
-		if is_set(Minutes) then
-			if is_set (Time) then
-				table.insert( z.message_tail, { set_error( 'redundant_parameters', {wrap_style ('parameter', 'minutes') .. ' and ' .. wrap_style ('parameter', 'time')}, true ) } );
-			end
-			Position = " " .. Minutes .. " " .. cfg.messages['minutes'];
-		else
-			if is_set(Time) then
-				local TimeCaption = A['TimeCaption']
-				if not is_set(TimeCaption) then
-					TimeCaption = cfg.messages['event'];
-					if sepc ~= '.' then
-						TimeCaption = TimeCaption:lower();
-					end
-				end
-				Position = " " .. TimeCaption .. " " .. Time;
-			end
-		end
-	else
-		Position = " " .. Position;
-		At = '';
-	end
-	Page, Pages, Sheet, Sheets = format_pages_sheets (Page, Pages, Sheet, Sheets, config.CitationClass, Periodical_origin, sepc, NoPP, use_lowercase);
-	At = is_set(At) and (sepc .. " " .. At) or "";
-	Position = is_set(Position) and (sepc .. " " .. Position) or "";
-	if config.CitationClass == 'map' then
-		local Section = A['Section'];
-		local Sections = A['Sections'];
-		local Inset = A['Inset'];
-		if is_set( Inset ) then
-			Inset = sepc .. " " .. wrap_msg ('inset', Inset, use_lowercase);
-		end
-		if is_set( Sections ) then
-			Section = sepc .. " " .. wrap_msg ('sections', Sections, use_lowercase);
-		elseif is_set( Section ) then
-			Section = sepc .. " " .. wrap_msg ('section', Section, use_lowercase);
-		end
-		At = At .. Inset .. Section;
-	end
-	if is_set (Language) then
-		Language = language_parameter (Language);								-- format, categories, name from ISO639-1, etc
-	else
-		Language="";															-- language not specified so make sure this is an empty string;
-	--[[ TODO: need to extract the wrap_msg from language_parameter
-	so that we can solve parentheses bunching problem with Format/Language/TitleType
-	]]
-	end
-	Others = is_set(Others) and (sepc .. " " .. Others) or "";
-	if is_set (Translators) then
-		Others = safe_join ({sepc .. ' ', wrap_msg ('translated', Translators, use_lowercase), Others}, sepc);
-	end
-	if is_set (Interviewers) then
-		Others = safe_join ({sepc .. ' ', wrap_msg ('interview', Interviewers, use_lowercase), Others}, sepc);
-	end
-	TitleNote = is_set(TitleNote) and (sepc .. " " .. TitleNote) or "";
-	if is_set (Edition) then
-		Edition = " " .. wrap_msg ('edition', Edition);
-	else
-		Edition = '';
-	end
-	Series = is_set (Series) and wrap_msg ('series', {sepc, Series}) or "";		-- not the same as SeriesNum
-	OrigYear = is_set (OrigYear) and wrap_msg ('origyear', OrigYear) or '';
-	Agency = is_set (Agency) and wrap_msg ('agency', {sepc, Agency}) or "";
-	Volume = format_volume_issue (Volume, Issue, config.CitationClass, Periodical_origin, sepc, use_lowercase);
-	------------------------------------ totally unrelated data
-	Via = is_set (Via) and  wrap_msg ('via', Via) or '';
-	--[[
-	Subscription implies paywall; Registration does not.  If both are used in a citation, the subscription required link
-	note is displayed. There are no error messages for this condition.
-	]]
-	if is_set (SubscriptionRequired) then
-		SubscriptionRequired = sepc .. " " .. cfg.messages['subscription'];		-- subscription required message
-	elseif is_set (RegistrationRequired) then
-		SubscriptionRequired = sepc .. " " .. cfg.messages['registration'];		-- registration required message
-	else
-		SubscriptionRequired = '';												-- either or both might be set to something other than yes true y
-	end
-	if is_set(AccessDate) then
-		local retrv_text = " " .. cfg.messages['retrieved']
-		AccessDate = nowrap_date (AccessDate);									-- wrap in nowrap span if date in appropriate format
-		if (sepc ~= ".") then retrv_text = retrv_text:lower() end				-- if mode is cs2, lower case
-		AccessDate = substitute (retrv_text, AccessDate);						-- add retrieved text
-		AccessDate = substitute (cfg.presentation['accessdate'], {sepc, AccessDate});	-- allow editors to hide accessdates
-	end
-	if is_set(ID) then ID = sepc .." ".. ID; end
-   	if "thesis" == config.CitationClass and is_set(Docket) then
-		ID = sepc .." Docket ".. Docket .. ID;
-	end
-   	if "report" == config.CitationClass and is_set(Docket) then					-- for cite report when |docket= is set
-		ID = sepc .. ' ' .. Docket;												-- overwrite ID even if |id= is set
-	end
-	ID_list = build_id_list( ID_list, {IdAccessLevels=ID_access_levels, DoiBroken = DoiBroken, ASINTLD = ASINTLD, IgnoreISBN = IgnoreISBN, Embargo=Embargo, Class = Class} );
-	if is_set(URL) then
-		URL = " " .. external_link( URL, nil, URLorigin, UrlAccess );
-	end
-	if is_set(Quote) then
-		if Quote:sub(1,1) == '"' and Quote:sub(-1,-1) == '"' then				-- if first and last characters of quote are quote marks
-			Quote = Quote:sub(2,-2);											-- strip them off
-		end
-		Quote = sepc .." " .. wrap_style ('quoted-text', Quote ); 				-- wrap in <q>...</q> tags
-		PostScript = "";														-- cs1|2 does not supply terminal punctuation when |quote= is set
-	end
-	local Archived
-	if is_set(ArchiveURL) then
-		if not is_set(ArchiveDate) then
-			ArchiveDate = set_error('archive_missing_date');
-		end
-		if "live" == UrlStatus then
-			local arch_text = cfg.messages['archived'];
-			if sepc ~= "." then arch_text = arch_text:lower() end
-			Archived = sepc .. " " .. substitute( cfg.messages['archived-live'],
-				{ external_link( ArchiveURL, arch_text, A:ORIGIN('ArchiveURL'), nil ) .. ArchiveFormat, ArchiveDate } );
-			if not is_set(OriginalURL) then
-				Archived = Archived .. " " .. set_error('archive_missing_url');
-			end
-		elseif is_set(OriginalURL) then											-- UrlStatus is empty, 'dead', 'unfit', 'usurped', 'bot: unknown'
-			local arch_text = cfg.messages['archived-dead'];
-			if sepc ~= "." then arch_text = arch_text:lower() end
-			if in_array (UrlStatus, {'unfit', 'usurped', 'bot: unknown'}) then
-				Archived = sepc .. " " .. 'Archived from the original on ' .. ArchiveDate;	-- format already styled
-			else																-- UrlStatus is empty, 'dead'
-				Archived = sepc .. " " .. substitute( arch_text,
-					{ external_link( OriginalURL, cfg.messages['original'], OriginalURLorigin, OriginalAccess ) .. OriginalFormat, ArchiveDate } );	-- format already styled
-			end
-		else
-			local arch_text = cfg.messages['archived-missing'];
-			if sepc ~= "." then arch_text = arch_text:lower() end
-			Archived = sepc .. " " .. substitute( arch_text,
-				{ set_error('archive_missing_url'), ArchiveDate } );
-		end
-	elseif is_set (ArchiveFormat) then
-		Archived = ArchiveFormat;												-- if set and ArchiveURL not set ArchiveFormat has error message
-	else
-		Archived = ""
-	end
-	local Lay = '';
-	if is_set(LayURL) then
-		if is_set(LayDate) then LayDate = " (" .. LayDate .. ")" end
-		if is_set(LaySource) then
-			LaySource = " &ndash; ''" .. safe_for_italics(LaySource) .. "''";
-		else
-			LaySource = "";
-		end
-		if sepc == '.' then
-			Lay = sepc .. " " .. external_link( LayURL, cfg.messages['lay summary'], A:ORIGIN('LayURL'), nil ) .. LayFormat .. LaySource .. LayDate
-		else
-			Lay = sepc .. " " .. external_link( LayURL, cfg.messages['lay summary']:lower(), A:ORIGIN('LayURL'), nil ) .. LayFormat .. LaySource .. LayDate
-		end
-	elseif is_set (LayFormat) then												-- Test if |lay-format= is given without giving a |lay-url=
-		Lay = sepc .. LayFormat;												-- if set and LayURL not set, then LayFormat has error message
-	end
-	if is_set(Transcript) then
-		if is_set(TranscriptURL) then
-			Transcript = external_link( TranscriptURL, Transcript, TranscriptURLorigin, nil );
-		end
-		Transcript = sepc .. ' ' .. Transcript .. TranscriptFormat;
-	elseif is_set(TranscriptURL) then
-		Transcript = external_link( TranscriptURL, nil, TranscriptURLorigin, nil );
-	end
-	local Publisher;
-	if is_set(PublicationDate) then
-		PublicationDate = wrap_msg ('published', PublicationDate);
-	end
-	if is_set(PublisherName) then
-		if is_set(PublicationPlace) then
-			Publisher = sepc .. " " .. PublicationPlace .. ": " .. PublisherName .. PublicationDate;
-		else
-			Publisher = sepc .. " " .. PublisherName .. PublicationDate;
-		end
-	elseif is_set(PublicationPlace) then
-		Publisher= sepc .. " " .. PublicationPlace .. PublicationDate;
-	else
-		Publisher = PublicationDate;
-	end
-	-- Several of the above rely upon detecting this as nil, so do it last.
-	if (is_set (Periodical) or is_set (ScriptPeriodical) or is_set (TransPeriodical)) then
-		if is_set(Title) or is_set(TitleNote) then
-			Periodical = sepc .. " " .. format_periodical (ScriptPeriodical, ScriptPeriodical_origin, Periodical, TransPeriodical);
-		else
-			Periodical = format_periodical (ScriptPeriodical, ScriptPeriodical_origin, Periodical, TransPeriodical);
-		end
-	end
-	--[[
-	Handle the oddity that is cite speech.  This code overrides whatever may be the value assigned to TitleNote (through |department=) and forces it to be " (Speech)" so that
-	the annotation directly follows the |title= parameter value in the citation rather than the |event= parameter value (if provided).
-	]]
-	if "speech" == config.CitationClass then									-- cite speech only
-		TitleNote = " (Speech)";												-- annotate the citation
-		if is_set (Periodical) then												-- if Periodical, perhaps because of an included |website= or |journal= parameter
-			if is_set (Conference) then											-- and if |event= is set
-				Conference = Conference .. sepc .. " ";							-- then add appropriate punctuation to the end of the Conference variable before rendering
-			end
-		end
-	end
-	-- Piece all bits together at last.  Here, all should be non-nil.
-	-- We build things this way because it is more efficient in LUA
-	-- not to keep reassigning to the same string variable over and over.
-	local tcommon;
-	local tcommon2;																-- used for book cite when |contributor= is set
-	if in_array(config.CitationClass, {"journal","citation"}) and is_set(Periodical) then
-		if is_set(Others) then Others = safe_join ({Others, sepc .. " "}, sepc) end		-- add terminal punctuation & space; check for dup sepc; TODO why do we need to do this here?
-		tcommon = safe_join( {Others, Title, TitleNote, Conference, Periodical, Format, TitleType, Series, Language, Edition, Publisher, Agency, Volume}, sepc );
-	elseif in_array(config.CitationClass, {"book","citation"}) and not is_set(Periodical) then		-- special cases for book cites
-		if is_set (Contributors) then											-- when we are citing foreword, preface, introduction, etc
-			tcommon = safe_join( {Title, TitleNote}, sepc );					-- author and other stuff will come after this and before tcommon2
-			tcommon2 = safe_join( {Conference, Periodical, Format, TitleType, Series, Language, Volume, Others, Edition, Publisher, Agency}, sepc );
-		else
-			tcommon = safe_join( {Title, TitleNote, Conference, Periodical, Format, TitleType, Series, Language, Volume, Others, Edition, Publisher, Agency}, sepc );
-		end
-	elseif 'map' == config.CitationClass then									-- special cases for cite map
-		if is_set (Chapter) then												-- map in a book; TitleType is part of Chapter
-			tcommon = safe_join( {Title, Format, Edition, Scale, Series, Language, Cartography, Others, Publisher, Volume}, sepc );
-		elseif is_set (Periodical) then											-- map in a periodical
-			tcommon = safe_join( {Title, TitleType, Format, Periodical, Scale, Series, Language, Cartography, Others, Publisher, Volume}, sepc );
-		else																	-- a sheet or stand-alone map
-			tcommon = safe_join( {Title, TitleType, Format, Edition, Scale, Series, Language, Cartography, Others, Publisher}, sepc );
-		end
-	elseif 'episode' == config.CitationClass then								-- special case for cite episode
-		tcommon = safe_join( {Title, TitleNote, TitleType, Series, Language, Edition, Publisher}, sepc );
-	else																		-- all other CS1 templates
-		tcommon = safe_join( {Title, TitleNote, Conference, Periodical, Format, TitleType, Series, Language,
-			Volume, Others, Edition, Publisher, Agency}, sepc );
-	end
-	if #ID_list > 0 then
-		ID_list = safe_join( { sepc .. " ",  table.concat( ID_list, sepc .. " " ), ID }, sepc );
-	else
-		ID_list = ID;
-	end
-	local idcommon;
-	if 'audio-visual' == config.CitationClass or 'episode' == config.CitationClass then	-- special case for cite AV media & cite episode position transcript
-		idcommon = safe_join( { ID_list, URL, Archived, Transcript, AccessDate, Via, SubscriptionRequired, Lay, Quote }, sepc );
-	else
-		idcommon = safe_join( { ID_list, URL, Archived, AccessDate, Via, SubscriptionRequired, Lay, Quote }, sepc );
-	end
-	local text;
-	local pgtext = Position .. Sheet .. Sheets .. Page .. Pages .. At;
-	if is_set(Date) then
-		if is_set (Authors) or is_set (Editors) then							-- date follows authors or editors when authors not set
-			Date = " (" .. Date ..")" .. OrigYear .. sepc .. " ";				-- in paranetheses
-		else																	-- neither of authors and editors set
-			if (string.sub(tcommon,-1,-1) == sepc) then							-- if the last character of tcommon is sepc
-				Date = " " .. Date .. OrigYear;									-- Date does not begin with sepc
-			else
-				Date = sepc .. " " .. Date .. OrigYear;							-- Date begins with sepc
-			end
-		end
-	end
-	if is_set(Authors) then
-		if (not is_set (Date)) then												-- when date is set it's in parentheses; no Authors termination
-			Authors = terminate_name_list (Authors, sepc);						-- when no date, terminate with 0 or 1 sepc and a space
-		end
-		if is_set(Editors) then
-			local in_text = " ";
-			local post_text = "";
-			if is_set(Chapter) and 0 == #c then
-				in_text = in_text .. cfg.messages['in'] .. " "
-				if (sepc ~= '.') then
-					in_text = in_text:lower()									-- lowercase for cs2
-				end
-			end
-			if EditorCount <= 1 then
-				post_text = " (" .. cfg.messages['editor'] .. ")";				-- be consistent with no-author, no-date case
-			else
-				post_text = " (" .. cfg.messages['editors'] .. ")";
-			end
-			Editors = terminate_name_list (in_text .. Editors .. post_text, sepc);	-- terminate with 0 or 1 sepc and a space
-		end
-		if is_set (Contributors) then											-- book cite and we're citing the intro, preface, etc
-			local by_text = sepc .. ' ' .. cfg.messages['by'] .. ' ';
-			if (sepc ~= '.') then by_text = by_text:lower() end					-- lowercase for cs2
-			Authors = by_text .. Authors;										-- author follows title so tweak it here
-			if is_set (Editors) and is_set (Date) then							-- when Editors make sure that Authors gets terminated
-				Authors = terminate_name_list (Authors, sepc);					-- terminate with 0 or 1 sepc and a space
-			end
-			if (not is_set (Date)) then											-- when date is set it's in parentheses; no Contributors termination
-				Contributors = terminate_name_list (Contributors, sepc);		-- terminate with 0 or 1 sepc and a space
-			end
-			text = safe_join( {Contributors, Date, Chapter, tcommon, Authors, Place, Editors, tcommon2, pgtext, idcommon }, sepc );
-		else
-			text = safe_join( {Authors, Date, Chapter, Place, Editors, tcommon, pgtext, idcommon }, sepc );
-		end
-	elseif is_set(Editors) then
-		if is_set(Date) then
-			if EditorCount <= 1 then
-				Editors = Editors .. ", " .. cfg.messages['editor'];
-			else
-				Editors = Editors .. ", " .. cfg.messages['editors'];
-			end
-		else
-			if EditorCount <= 1 then
-				Editors = Editors .. " (" .. cfg.messages['editor'] .. ")" .. sepc .. " "
-			else
-				Editors = Editors .. " (" .. cfg.messages['editors'] .. ")" .. sepc .. " "
-			end
-		end
-		text = safe_join( {Editors, Date, Chapter, Place, tcommon, pgtext, idcommon}, sepc );
-	else
-		if in_array(config.CitationClass, {"journal","citation"}) and is_set(Periodical) then
-			text = safe_join( {Chapter, Place, tcommon, pgtext, Date, idcommon}, sepc );
-		else
-			text = safe_join( {Chapter, Place, tcommon, Date, pgtext, idcommon}, sepc );
-		end
-	end
-	if is_set(PostScript) and PostScript ~= sepc then
-		text = safe_join( {text, sepc}, sepc ); 								--Deals with italics, spaces, etc.
-		text = text:sub(1,-sepc:len()-1);
-	end
-	text = safe_join( {text, PostScript}, sepc );
-	-- Now enclose the whole thing in a <cite/> element
-	local options = {};
-	if is_set(config.CitationClass) and config.CitationClass ~= "citation" then
-		options.class = config.CitationClass;
-		options.class = "citation " .. config.CitationClass;					-- class=citation required for blue highlight when used with |ref=
-	else
-		options.class = "citation";
-	end
-	if is_set(Ref) and Ref:lower() ~= "none" then								-- set reference anchor if appropriate
-		local id = Ref
-		if ('harv' == Ref ) then
-			local namelist = {};												-- holds selected contributor, author, editor name list
-			local year = first_set ({Year, anchor_year}, 2);					-- Year first for legacy citations and for YMD dates that require disambiguation
-			if #c > 0 then														-- if there is a contributor list
-				namelist = c;													-- select it
-			elseif #a > 0 then													-- or an author list
-				namelist = a;
-			elseif #e > 0 then													-- or an editor list
-				namelist = e;
-			end
-			if #namelist > 0 then												-- if there are names in namelist
-				id = anchor_id (namelist, year);								-- go make the CITEREF anchor
-			else
-				id = '';														-- unset
-			end
-		end
-		options.id = id;
-	end
-	if string.len(text:gsub("<span[^>/]*>(.-)</span>", "%1"):gsub("%b<>","")) <= 2 then	-- remove <span> tags and other html-like markup; then get length of what remains
-		z.error_categories = {};
-		text = set_error('empty_citation');
-		z.message_tail = {};
-	end
-	local render = {};															-- here we collect the final bits for concatenation into the rendered citation
-	if is_set(options.id) then													-- here we wrap the rendered citation in <cite ...>...</cite> tags
-		table.insert (render, substitute (cfg.presentation['cite-id'], {mw.uri.anchorEncode(options.id), mw.text.nowiki(options.class), text}));	-- when |ref= is set
-	else
-		table.insert (render, substitute (cfg.presentation['cite'], {mw.text.nowiki(options.class), text}));	-- all other cases
-	end
-	table.insert (render, substitute (cfg.presentation['ocins'], {OCinSoutput}));	-- append metadata to the citation
-	if 0 ~= #z.message_tail then
-		table.insert (render, ' ');
-		for i,v in ipairs( z.message_tail ) do
-			if is_set(v[1]) then
-				if i == #z.message_tail then
-					table.insert (render, error_comment( v[1], v[2] ));
-				else
-					table.insert (render, error_comment( v[1] .. "; ", v[2] ));
-				end
-			end
-		end
-	end
-	if 0 ~= #z.maintenance_cats then
-		local maint_msgs = {};													-- here we collect all of the maint messages
-		for _, v in ipairs( z.maintenance_cats ) do								-- append maintenance categories
-			local maint = {};													-- here we assemble a maintenence message
-			table.insert (maint, v);											-- maint msg is the category name
-			table.insert (maint, ' (');											-- open the link text
-			table.insert (maint, make_wikilink (':Category:' .. v, 'link'));	-- add the link
-			table.insert (maint, ')');											-- and close it
-			table.insert (maint_msgs, table.concat (maint));					-- assemble new maint message and add it to the maint_msgs table
-		end
-		table.insert (render, substitute (cfg.presentation['hidden-maint'], table.concat (maint_msgs, ' ')));	-- wrap the group of maint message with proper presentation and save
-	end
-	no_tracking_cats = no_tracking_cats:lower();
-	if in_array(no_tracking_cats, {"", "no", "false", "n"}) then
-		for _, v in ipairs( z.error_categories ) do
-			table.insert (render, make_wikilink ('Category:' .. v));
-		end
-		for _, v in ipairs( z.maintenance_cats ) do								-- append maintenance categories
-			table.insert (render, make_wikilink ('Category:' .. v));
-		end
-		for _, v in ipairs( z.properties_cats ) do								-- append properties categories
-			table.insert (render, make_wikilink ('Category:' .. v));
-		end
-	end
-	return table.concat (render);
-end
---[[--------------------------< V A L I D A T E >--------------------------------------------------------------
-Looks for a parameter's name in one of several whitelists.
-Parameters in the whitelist can have three values:
-	true - active, supported parameters
-	false - deprecated, supported parameters
-	nil - unsupported parameters
-]]
-local function validate (name, cite_class)
-	local name = tostring (name);
-	local state;
-	if in_array (cite_class, {'arxiv', 'biorxiv', 'citeseerx', 'ssrn'}) then	-- limited parameter sets allowed for these templates
-		state = whitelist.limited_basic_arguments[name];
-		if true == state then return true; end									-- valid actively supported parameter
-		if false == state then
-			deprecated_parameter (name);										-- parameter is deprecated but still supported
-			return true;
-		end
-		state = whitelist[cite_class .. '_basic_arguments'][name];				-- look in the parameter-list for the template identified by cite_class
-		if true == state then return true; end									-- valid actively supported parameter
-		if false == state then
-			deprecated_parameter (name);										-- parameter is deprecated but still supported
-			return true;
-		end
-																				-- limited enumerated parameters list
-		name = name:gsub("%d+", "#" );											-- replace digit(s) with # (last25 becomes last#) (mw.ustring because non-Western 'local' digits)
-		state = whitelist.limited_numbered_arguments[name];
-		if true == state then return true; end									-- valid actively supported parameter
-		if false == state then
-			deprecated_parameter (name);										-- parameter is deprecated but still supported
-			return true;
-		end
-		return false;															-- not supported because not found or name is set to nil
-	end																			-- end limited parameter-set templates
-	state = whitelist.basic_arguments[name];									-- all other templates; all normal parameters allowed
-	if true == state then return true; end										-- valid actively supported parameter
-	if false == state then
-		deprecated_parameter (name);											-- parameter is deprecated but still supported
-		return true;
-	end
-																				-- all enumerated parameters allowed
-	name = name:gsub("%d+", "#" );												-- replace digit(s) with # (last25 becomes last#) (mw.ustring because non-Western 'local' digits)
-	state = whitelist.numbered_arguments[name];
-	if true == state then return true; end										-- valid actively supported parameter
-	if false == state then
-		deprecated_parameter (name);											-- parameter is deprecated but still supported
-		return true;
-	end
-	return false;																-- not supported because not found or name is set to nil
-end
---[[--------------------------< M I S S I N G _ P I P E _ C H E C K >------------------------------------------
-Look at the contents of a parameter. If the content has a string of characters and digits followed by an equal
-sign, compare the alphanumeric string to the list of cs1|2 parameters.  If found, then the string is possibly a
-parameter that is missing its pipe:
-	{{cite ... |title=Title access-date=2016-03-17}}
-cs1|2 shares some parameter names with xml/html atributes: class=, title=, etc.  To prevent false positives xml/html
-tags are removed before the search.
-If a missing pipe is detected, this function adds the missing pipe maintenance category.
-]]
-local function missing_pipe_check (parameter, value)
-	local capture;
-	value = value:gsub ('%b<>', '');											-- remove xml/html tags because attributes: class=, title=, etc
-	capture = value:match ('%s+(%a[%w%-]+)%s*=') or value:match ('^(%a[%w%-]+)%s*=');	-- find and categorize parameters with possible missing pipes
-	if capture and validate (capture) then								-- if the capture is a valid parameter name
-		table.insert( z.message_tail, {set_error ('missing_pipe',parameter)});
-	end
-end
---[[--------------------------< H A S _ E X T R A N E O U S _ P U N C T >--------------------------------------
-look for extraneous terminal punctuation in most parameter values; parameters listed in skip table are not checked
-]]
-local function has_extraneous_punc (param, value)
-	if cfg.punct_skip[param] then
-		return;																	-- parameter name found in the skip table so done
-	end
-end
---[[--------------------------< C I T A T I O N >--------------------------------------------------------------
-This is used by templates such as {{cite book}} to create the actual citation text.
-]]
-local function citation(frame)
-	Frame = frame;																-- save a copy incase we need to display an error message in preview mode
-	local pframe = frame:getParent()
-	local validation, utilities, identifiers, metadata, styles;
-	if nil ~= string.find (frame:getTitle(), 'sandbox', 1, true) then			-- did the {{#invoke:}} use sandbox version?
-		cfg = mw.loadData ('Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration/sandbox');		-- load sandbox versions of support modules
-		whitelist = mw.loadData ('Module:Citation/CS1/Whitelist/sandbox');
-		utilities = require ('Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities/sandbox');
-		validation = require ('Module:Citation/CS1/Date_validation/sandbox');
-		identifiers = require ('Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers/sandbox');
-		metadata = require ('Module:Citation/CS1/COinS/sandbox');
-		styles = 'Module:Citation/CS1/sandbox/styles.css';
-	else																		-- otherwise
-		cfg = mw.loadData ('Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration');				-- load live versions of support modules
-		whitelist = mw.loadData ('Module:Citation/CS1/Whitelist');
-		utilities = require ('Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities');
-		validation = require ('Module:Citation/CS1/Date_validation');
-		identifiers = require ('Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers');
-		metadata = require ('Module:Citation/CS1/COinS');
-		styles = 'Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css';
-	end
-	utilities.set_selected_modules (cfg);										-- so that functions in Utilities can see the cfg tables
-	identifiers.set_selected_modules (cfg, utilities);							-- so that functions in Identifiers can see the selected cfg tables and selected Utilities module
-	validation.set_selected_modules (cfg, utilities);							-- so that functions in Date validataion can see selected cfg tables and the selected Utilities module
-	metadata.set_selected_modules (cfg, utilities);								-- so that functions in COinS can see the selected cfg tables and selected Utilities module
-	dates = validation.dates;													-- imported functions from Module:Citation/CS1/Date validation
-	year_date_check = validation.year_date_check;
-	reformat_dates = validation.reformat_dates;
-	date_hyphen_to_dash = validation.date_hyphen_to_dash;
-	date_name_xlate = validation.date_name_xlate;
-	is_set = utilities.is_set;													-- imported functions from Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities
-	in_array = utilities.in_array;
-	substitute = utilities.substitute;
-	error_comment = utilities.error_comment;
-	set_error = utilities.set_error;
-	select_one = utilities.select_one;
-	add_maint_cat = utilities.add_maint_cat;
-	wrap_style = utilities.wrap_style;
-	safe_for_italics = utilities.safe_for_italics;
-	is_wikilink = utilities.is_wikilink;
-	make_wikilink = utilities.make_wikilink;
-	strip_apostrophe_markup = utilities.strip_apostrophe_markup;
-	z = utilities.z;															-- table of error and category tables in Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities
-	extract_ids = identifiers.extract_ids;										-- imported functions from Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers
-	build_id_list = identifiers.build_id_list;
-	is_embargoed = identifiers.is_embargoed;
-	extract_id_access_levels = identifiers.extract_id_access_levels;
-	make_coins_title = metadata.make_coins_title;								-- imported functions from Module:Citation/CS1/COinS
-	get_coins_pages = metadata.get_coins_pages;
-	COinS = metadata.COinS;
-	local args = {};															-- table where we store all of the template's arguments
-	local suggestions = {};														-- table where we store suggestions if we need to loadData them
-	local error_text, error_state;
-	local config = {};															-- table to store parameters from the module {{#invoke:}}
-	for k, v in pairs( frame.args ) do
-		config[k] = v;
---		args[k] = v;															-- debug tool that allows us to render a citation from module {{#invoke:}}
-	end
-	local capture;																-- the single supported capture when matching unknown parameters using patterns
-	for k, v in pairs( pframe.args ) do
-		if v ~= '' then
-			if ('string' == type (k)) then
-				k = mw.ustring.gsub (k, '%d', cfg.date_names.local_digits);		-- for enumerated parameters, translate 'local' digits to Western 0-9
-			end
-			if not validate( k, config.CitationClass ) then
-				error_text = "";
-				if type( k ) ~= 'string' then
-					-- Exclude empty numbered parameters
-					if v:match("%S+") ~= nil then
-						error_text, error_state = set_error( 'text_ignored', {v}, true );
-					end
-				elseif validate( k:lower(), config.CitationClass ) then
-					error_text, error_state = set_error( 'parameter_ignored_suggest', {k, k:lower()}, true );	-- suggest the lowercase version of the parameter
-				else
-					if nil == suggestions.suggestions then						-- if this table is nil then we need to load it
-						if nil ~= string.find (frame:getTitle(), 'sandbox', 1, true) then			-- did the {{#invoke:}} use sandbox version?
-							suggestions = mw.loadData( 'Module:Citation/CS1/Suggestions/sandbox' );	-- use the sandbox version
-						else
-							suggestions = mw.loadData( 'Module:Citation/CS1/Suggestions' );			-- use the live version
-						end
-					end
-					for pattern, param in pairs (suggestions.patterns) do		-- loop through the patterns to see if we can suggest a proper parameter
-						capture = k:match (pattern);							-- the whole match if no caputre in pattern else the capture if a match
-						if capture then											-- if the pattern matches
-							param = substitute (param, capture);				-- add the capture to the suggested parameter (typically the enumerator)
-							if validate (param, config.CitationClass) then		-- validate the suggestion to make sure that the suggestion is supported by this template (necessary for limited parameter lists)
-								error_text, error_state = set_error ('parameter_ignored_suggest', {k, param}, true);	-- set the suggestion error message
-							else
-								error_text, error_state = set_error( 'parameter_ignored', {param}, true );	-- suggested param not supported by this template
-							end
-						end
-					end
-					if not is_set (error_text) then								-- couldn't match with a pattern, is there an expicit suggestion?
-						if suggestions.suggestions[ k:lower() ] ~= nil then
-							error_text, error_state = set_error( 'parameter_ignored_suggest', {k, suggestions.suggestions[ k:lower() ]}, true );
-						else
-							error_text, error_state = set_error( 'parameter_ignored', {k}, true );
-							v = '';												-- unset value assigned to unrecognized parameters (this for the limited parameter lists)
-						end
-					end
-				end
-				if error_text ~= '' then
-					table.insert( z.message_tail, {error_text, error_state} );
-				end
-			end
-			missing_pipe_check (k, v);												-- do we think that there is a parameter that is missing a pipe?
-																				-- TODO: is this the best place for this translation?
-			args[k] = v;
-		elseif args[k] ~= nil or (k == 'postscript') then						-- here when v is empty string
-			args[k] = v;														-- why do we do this?  we don't support 'empty' parameters
-		end
-	end
-	for k, v in pairs( args ) do
-		if 'string' == type (k) then											-- don't evaluate positional parameters
-			has_invisible_chars (k, v);
-			has_extraneous_punc (k, v);											-- look for extraneous terminal punctuation in parameter values
-		end
-	end
-	return table.concat ({citation0( config, args), frame:extensionTag ('templatestyles', '', {src=styles})});
-end
---[[--------------------------< E X P O R T E D   F U N C T I O N S >------------------------------------------
-]]
-return {citation = citation};

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